Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mapy II. a\u00a0III. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou mj. st\u00e1le k\u00a0dispozici na N\u00e1rodn\u00edm geoport\u00e1lu INSPIRE jako WMS slu\u017eba [6]. Na webu Geografick\u00e9 slu\u017eby A\u010cR [7] se po\u0159\u00e1d je\u0161t\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed sekce nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed historick\u00e9 LMS, ale nyn\u00ed ji\u017e odkazuje p\u0159\u00edmo na str\u00e1nky Archivu Zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu [2].<\/p>\n
POPISOVAN\u00c9 ARCHIVN\u00cd MAPOV\u00c9 PODKLADY<\/h2>\nM\u00fcllerovo mapov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Nejstar\u0161\u00edm tady prezentovan\u00fdm mapov\u00fdm podkladem je M\u00fcllerova mapa \u010cech z\u00a0roku 1720, respektive Moravy z\u00a0roku 1716 v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 : 132 000. Vznikla na z\u00e1klad\u011b vojensk\u00fdch, spr\u00e1vn\u00edch a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00ed monarchie. P\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu mapy s\u00a0mlad\u0161\u00edmi kartografick\u00fdmi prameny velk\u00fdch a\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed M\u00fcllerovy mapy o\u00a0tom, jak se m\u011bnila krajina poznamenan\u00e1 vlivem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a\u00a0\u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka b\u011bhem stalet\u00ed a\u00a0co z\u016fstalo v\u00a0krajinn\u00e9 pam\u011bti do sou\u010dasnosti [8]. Nev\u00fdhodou pro podrobn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje krajiny s\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi mapov\u00fdmi podklady je jeho nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed prostorov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Podkladem I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed byla M\u00fcllerova mapa zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e1 do m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka 1\u00a0:\u00a028 800. Byla zpracov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b pouh\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu. P\u0159ed mapov\u00e1n\u00edm nebyla z\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f vybudov\u00e1na s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdch trigonometrick\u00fdch bod\u016f. Proto nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sestavit p\u0159ehlednou mapu cel\u00e9 monarchie. Kresbu jednotliv\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch list\u016f ne\u0161lo jednozna\u010dn\u011b napojit, bortila se nebo se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvala. V\u00fdznam I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejv\u00edce v\u00a0jeho podrobnosti a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010dase jeho zhotoven\u00ed. Zachycuje \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech, Moravy a\u00a0Slezska jako celek p\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, v\u00a0dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu kulturn\u00ed barokn\u00ed krajiny a\u00a0jej\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzity [9]. Stejn\u011b jako u\u00a0M\u00fcllerova mapov\u00e1n\u00ed je nev\u00fdhodou mal\u00e1 prostorov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost. V\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010di k\u00a0legend\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [4] jsou ba\u017einy a\u00a0mok\u0159ady zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny pomoc\u00ed neohrani\u010den\u00e9 tmav\u011b modr\u00e9 vodorovn\u00e9 \u0161rafy nepravideln\u00e9 d\u00e9lky zpravidla na zelen\u00e9m podklad\u011b. Jsou zde odli\u0161eny tak\u00e9 zamok\u0159en\u00e9 lesy (obr.\u00a01<\/em>). D\u00e1le jsou tu zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny louky a\u00a0pastviny na vlhk\u00fdch a\u00a0mezick\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch hr\u00e1\u0161kov\u011b zelen\u00fdm t\u00f3nov\u00e1n\u00edm. Vzhledem k\u00a0nejasn\u00e9mu ohrani\u010den\u00ed t\u011bchto ploch v\u00a0dob\u011b mapov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch sekc\u00ed a\u00a0obecn\u011b zest\u00e1rnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tento mapov\u00fd podklad slou\u017eit pouze pro hrubou identifikaci \u010di detekci mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b.<\/p>\n Nejstar\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdm mapov\u00fdm podkladem s podrobn\u00fdm zobrazen\u00edm mok\u0159ad\u016f jsou mapy stabiln\u00edho katastru, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno Indika\u010dn\u00ed skici a z nich odvozen\u00e9 C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 otisky. Je na nich zaznamen\u00e1n historick\u00fd stav krajiny z\u00a0poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed. Mapy byly vyhotoveny v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 2\u00a0880, respektive 1\u00a0:\u00a05\u00a0760 v\u00a0horsk\u00fdch oblastech. Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed mapy byly po\u0159izov\u00e1ny v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu a\u00a0zachycuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd stav krajiny p\u0159ed rozmachem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, tj. obdob\u00ed 1824\u20131836 (Morava a\u00a0Slezsko) a\u00a01826\u20131843 (\u010cechy). Pro interpretaci stavu krajiny se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 otisky stabiln\u00edho katastru. Indika\u010dn\u00ed skici slou\u017e\u00ed pro up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nejasnost\u00ed anebo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 otisky nedochovaly. V\u00a0origin\u00e1ln\u00ed legend\u011b C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisk\u016f jsou \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed mok\u0159ad\u016f: mo\u010d\u00e1ly, mo\u010d\u00e1ly s\u00a0r\u00e1kosov\u00fdm porostem, mokr\u00e9 louky a\u00a0ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b [1, 10] (obr.\u00a02<\/em>). Mapy zobrazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 rybn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 z definice pat\u0159\u00ed mezi mok\u0159ady, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1ny k vodn\u00edm ploch\u00e1m. P\u0159i mapov\u00e1n\u00ed stabiln\u00edho katastru doch\u00e1zelo k r\u016fzn\u00fdm odchylk\u00e1m od p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 legendy, nicm\u00e9n\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech obdob\u00edch se vyskytuj\u00ed \u2013 krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edho zobrazen\u00ed mokr\u00fdch luk \u2013 tak\u00e9 mokr\u00e9 louky s d\u0159evinami. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o symbol listnat\u00fdch strom\u016f, stejn\u00fd jako u zobrazen\u00ed listnat\u00fdch les\u016f. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 listy se symbolem ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f na podklad\u011b mokr\u00fdch luk, obdobn\u011b jako na zobrazen\u00ed ovocn\u00fdch zahrad a pol\u00ed nebo luk s ovocn\u00fdmi stromy [1]. Jejich nev\u00fdhodou pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed k anal\u00fdz\u00e1m krajinn\u00fdch zm\u011bn v prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS je nutnost georeferencov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch list\u016f, jeliko\u017e byly vytv\u00e1\u0159eny jako soubor obr\u00e1zk\u016f, tzn. nespojen\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch list\u016f.<\/p>\n Pro prim\u00e1rn\u00ed detekci v\u00fdskytu mok\u0159ad\u016f je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed relativn\u011b polohov\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1 mapa II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, zpracovan\u00e1 v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 28\u00a0800 [1]. Jej\u00edmu vzniku p\u0159edch\u00e1zela vojensk\u00e1 triangulace, je\u017e slou\u017eila jako geodetick\u00fd z\u00e1klad tohoto d\u00edla; pou\u017eit\u00fdm podkladem byly mapy stabiln\u00edho katastru, oproti I. vojensk\u00e9mu mapov\u00e1n\u00ed se tedy zv\u00fd\u0161ila p\u0159esnost zobrazen\u00ed. Obsah obou map je v\u00a0podstat\u011b toto\u017en\u00fd, av\u0161ak zobrazovan\u00e1 situace se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Mapa II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed vznikala v\u00a0dob\u011b n\u00e1stupu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce a\u00a0rozvoje intenzivn\u00edch forem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, kdy v\u00fdm\u011bra orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy vzrostla za 100 let o\u00a0polovinu, plochy lesa dos\u00e1hly historicky nejmen\u0161\u00edho rozsahu a\u00a0jsou zde zaznamen\u00e1ny prvn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u011b [11]. V\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010di k\u00a0legend\u011b u\u00a0II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [5] jsou ba\u017einy a\u00a0mok\u0159ady zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny podobn\u011b jako u\u00a0I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed neohrani\u010denou tmav\u011b modrou vodorovnou \u0161rafou, n\u011bkdy dopln\u011bnou sv\u011btle zelen\u00fdm t\u00f3nov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo symboly vegetace, a\u00a0jsou tu op\u011bt odli\u0161eny zamok\u0159en\u00e9 lesy (obr.\u00a03<\/em>). Louky jsou vyzna\u010deny r\u016fzn\u011b sytou sv\u011btle zelenou barvou, kde nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010den stupe\u0148 podm\u00e1\u010den\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit, uva\u017eovalo-li se v\u016fbec o\u00a0n\u011bm. Vzhledem k\u00a0nejasn\u00e9mu ohrani\u010den\u00ed t\u011bchto ploch v\u00a0dob\u011b mapov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0nejednozna\u010dnosti v\u00a0legend\u011b ohledn\u011b mok\u0159ad\u016f, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i\u00a0k\u00a0celkem p\u0159esn\u00e9mu polohov\u00e9mu zobrazen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee mapov\u00fd podklad slou\u017eit pro prim\u00e1rn\u00ed identifikaci \u010di detekci mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b pro podrobn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed map stabiln\u00edho katastru.<\/p>\n Na webov\u00e9 aplikaci Archiv Zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu [2] jsou tyto mapy k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edku 1 : 10 000, 1 : 25 000, 1 : 50 000, 1 : 100\u00a0000, 1 : 200 000 a\u00a01 : 500 000. Pro detekci mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0krajin\u011b, respektive identifikaci krajinn\u00fdch zm\u011bn, jsou nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prvn\u00ed dv\u011b jmenovan\u00e9. Topografick\u00e1 mapa 1 : 10 000 byla zpracov\u00e1na a\u00a0vyd\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 1391 z\u00a0roku 1955 na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska, s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch n\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde byla zpracov\u00e1na topografick\u00e1 mapa 1 : 5\u00a0000, a\u00a0je zde zobrazen stav \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0letech 1958\u20131971. Topografick\u00e1 mapa 1 : 25 000 byla zpracov\u00e1na a\u00a0vyd\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 35 z\u00a0roku 1953. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto map byly postupn\u011b odvozeny topografick\u00e9 mapy m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek 1 : 50 000 a\u017e 1 : 500 000 a\u00a0zobrazuj\u00ed stav \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0letech 1953\u20131960 [12]. V\u00a0legend\u011b topografick\u00fdch map v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952 jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny mok\u0159ady jako mo\u010d\u00e1ly a\u00a0ba\u017einy nepr\u016fchodn\u00e9 nebo pr\u016fchodn\u00e9 s\u00a0uveden\u00edm jejich hloubky v\u00a0metrech a\u00a0tak\u00e9 jako mok\u0159iny s\u00a0r\u00e1kosov\u00fdm nebo orobincov\u00fdm porostem \u010di jen r\u00e1kosov\u00e9 a\u00a0orobincov\u00e9 porosty (obr.\u00a04<\/em>). Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm dopln\u011bn\u00edm je rovn\u011b\u017e kategorie lu\u010dn\u00ed porosty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 metr, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch, kde na map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru byla mokr\u00e1 louka [13].<\/p>\n St\u00e1tn\u00ed mapa 1 : 5 000, vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 postupn\u011b od roku 1950, byla zam\u00fd\u0161lena jako provizorium. Pro prvn\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed byl polohopis odvozen z katastr\u00e1ln\u00edch map a v\u00fd\u0161kopis z nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch existuj\u00edc\u00edch podklad\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad z topografick\u00fdch map v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952. A\u017e do roku 1990 tyto mapy nebyly ur\u010deny ve\u0159ejnosti a\u00a0sm\u011bly se pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed pot\u0159ebu st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Na webov\u00e9 aplikaci Archiv Zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu [2] jsou tyto mapy k\u00a0dispozici ve verz\u00edch od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed a\u017e po za\u010d\u00e1tek 21. stolet\u00ed, a\u00a0jsou tak vhodn\u00fdm podkladem pro interpretaci archivn\u00edch LMS.<\/p>\n Jednotliv\u00e9 sn\u00edmky LMS je pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0GIS nutno georeferencovat. Jsou dostupn\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed lokalitu v\u017edy podle toho, jak prob\u011bhlo sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch letech. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok byla sn\u00edmkov\u00e1na pouze \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed, nav\u00edc n\u011bkter\u00e9 sn\u00edmky se nemusely dochovat. Na webov\u00e9 aplikaci Archivu Zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu [2] v\u00a0sekci \u201eLeteck\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9 sn\u00edmky\u201c jsou k\u00a0dispozici LMS od t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch do \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed a\u00a0od za\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b do roku 2019. D\u00e1le je zde informace o\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch letech sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti od sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed po za\u010d\u00e1tek 21. stolet\u00ed. Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed archivn\u00edch LMS, je\u017e nejsou k\u00a0dispozici na Archivu Zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, je mo\u017en\u00e9 na webu Geografick\u00e9 slu\u017eby A\u010cR [7].<\/p>\n Prvn\u00edm tady prezentovan\u00fdm zobrazen\u00fdm archivn\u00edm mapov\u00fdm podkladem je horn\u00ed (pramenn\u00e1) \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky na M\u00fcllerov\u011b map\u011b \u010cech z\u00a0roku 1720. Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto d\u00edla je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b polohov\u00e1 nep\u0159esnost, nicm\u00e9n\u011b dob\u0159e poslou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0utvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0podob\u011b krajiny v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed. Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zobrazen\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0ploch (rybn\u00edk\u016f). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b interpretace pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 celkem p\u0159esn\u011b zobrazit s\u00ed\u0165 vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0roce 1720. U\u00a0vodn\u00edch tok\u016f tomu tak ji\u017e nen\u00ed, na \u00fazem\u00ed zcela chyb\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed V\u00fdrovky nad Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdmi Janovicemi (Ianowitz) a\u00a0na map\u011b je pouze Anensk\u00fd potok (pramen\u00ed u\u00a0Sud\u011bjova) a\u00a0Osta\u0161ovsk\u00fd potok, v\u00a0jeho\u017e pramenn\u00e9 oblasti se nach\u00e1z\u00ed trojice rybn\u00edk\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vodn\u00ed toky jsou tu schematicky zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny jako meandruj\u00edc\u00ed, co\u017e zcela jist\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 historick\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti (obr.\u00a05<\/em>).<\/p>\n Stejn\u00e1 oblast je zobrazena na map\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je zpracov\u00e1na v\u00a0podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, a\u00a0tak zde ji\u017e V\u00fdrovka nad Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdmi Janovicemi (Janowitz) zaznamen\u00e1na je. Op\u011bt jsou tu zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny meandruj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed toky a\u00a0v\u00a0niv\u011b jsou ji\u017e zobrazeny lu\u010dn\u00ed porosty, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ba\u017einy. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i\u00a0o\u00a0vodn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch (rybn\u00edc\u00edch). Oproti M\u00fcllerovu mapov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou tady v\u011brn\u011bji zobrazeny rozlohy s\u00eddel a\u00a0lesn\u00edch porost\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b interpretace t\u00e9to mapy je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00ed\u017ee popisovan\u00e1 lokalita U\u00a0Stratinek byla v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed obklopena lesem, nikoli ornou p\u016fdou (obr.\u00a06<\/em>). Na obr.\u00a07<\/em> je zachycen stav ba\u017ein a\u00a0mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0okol\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed Chmeli\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0Bl\u00e1ta. Tak\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u00e9to z\u00f3n\u011b je v\u00edce lesn\u00edch porost\u016f ne\u017e v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n Na p\u0159\u00edkladu nivy V\u00fdrovky na hranici k. \u00fa. Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 Janovice a \u017d\u00ed\u0161ov je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn rozd\u00edl v zakreslov\u00e1n\u00ed mok\u0159ad\u016f na map\u00e1ch I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed a stabiln\u00edho katastru. Zat\u00edmco I. vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed zachycuje v niv\u011b lu\u010dn\u00ed porosty a zde v jedn\u00e9 lokalit\u011b ba\u017einu, na stabiln\u00edm katastru jsou v niv\u011b zobrazeny mokr\u00e9 louky (obr.\u00a08<\/em>). Na map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru obecn\u011b v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed mokr\u00e9 louky, v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch mokr\u00e9 louky s\u00a0d\u0159evinami a\u00a0ob\u010das se v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch vyskytuj\u00ed louky \u201esuch\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n N\u00ed\u017ee je podrobn\u011bji prezentov\u00e1na lokalita U\u00a0Stratinek, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0k. \u00fa. Ra\u0161ovice u\u00a0Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch Janovic. Na Indika\u010dn\u00edch skic\u00e1ch i\u00a0C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisc\u00edch stabiln\u00edho katastru jsou v\u00a0lokalit\u011b zakresleny mokr\u00e9 louky, konfigurac\u00ed indikuj\u00edc\u00ed prameni\u0161t\u011b. V\u00a0map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru nebyly \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bny drobn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed toky, proto lze na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto podklad\u016f o\u00a0prameni\u0161ti jenom spekulovat. Na Topografick\u00e9 map\u011b 1 : 10\u00a0000 z\u00a0roku 1952 ji\u017e drobn\u00fd vodn\u00ed tok zaznamen\u00e1n je, ale na Topografick\u00e9 map\u011b 1 : 25\u00a0000 z\u00a0roku 1956 a\u00a0na St\u00e1tn\u00ed map\u011b 1\u00a0:\u00a05\u00a0000 z\u00a0roku 1962 tam op\u011bt nen\u00ed. Na v\u0161ech t\u011bchto podkladech z\u00a020. stolet\u00ed je v\u00a0lokalit\u011b zanesen lu\u010dn\u00ed porost (obr.\u00a09<\/em>). Na obr.\u00a010<\/em> je porovn\u00e1n\u00ed zakreslen\u00ed lokality U\u00a0Stratinek na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed map\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky 1 : 10 000 (ZM 10) a\u00a0map\u011b II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed 1 : 28\u00a0800. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je na map\u011b ZM 10 jenom orn\u00e1 p\u016fda a\u00a0na map\u011b II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed je zakreslena rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 lokalita lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f, a\u010dkoli historick\u00e1 mapa je v\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b podrobn\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 ortofotomapa\u00a0(2019) zobrazuje v\u00a0t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b lu\u010dn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159i ter\u00e9nn\u00edm pr\u016fzkumu potvrzen jako prameni\u0161t\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav lokality nen\u00ed v\u00fdsledkem c\u00edlen\u00e9ho managementu, ale pouze odrazem aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed [1]. Pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed je na obr.\u00a010<\/em> lokalita u Stratinek zobrazena tak\u00e9 na LMS z let 1938 a 1960. Je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee prameni\u0161t\u011b tu bylo v obdobn\u00e9m rozsahu na obou sn\u00edmc\u00edch. Rozd\u00edlem mezi ob\u011bma obdob\u00edmi je zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed rozloh obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00fdch pozemk\u016f, a\u010dkoli oproti sou\u010dasnosti je stav v\u00a0roce 1960 mnohem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n Coby p\u0159\u00edklad interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f na obdobn\u00fdch podkladech jako v\u00a0lokalit\u011b u\u00a0Stratinek byla vybr\u00e1na oblast u\u00a0rybn\u00edka Stojespal a\u00a0u\u00a0Ml\u00e9kovick\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka na vodn\u00edm toku Be\u010dv\u00e1rka v\u00a0povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky. Na C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisc\u00edch stabiln\u00edho katastru jsou u\u00a0obou rybn\u00edk\u016f zakresleny mokr\u00e9 louky, u\u00a0Ml\u00e9kovick\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka nav\u00edc dopln\u011bn\u00e9 kresbou mo\u010d\u00e1lu. Pod hr\u00e1z\u00ed Ml\u00e9kovick\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka je zakreslena ba\u017eina na pastvin\u011b. Na Topografick\u00e9 map\u011b 1 : 10 000 z\u00a0roku 1967 je p\u0159ed Ml\u00e9kovick\u00fdm rybn\u00edkem zakreslena ba\u017eina (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0r\u00e1kosov\u00fdm nebo orobincov\u00fdm porostem) na obdobn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b jako na stabiln\u00edm katastru; dal\u0161\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed, ba\u017eina nen\u00ed pod hr\u00e1z\u00ed Ml\u00e9kovick\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka, n\u00fdbr\u017e p\u0159ed rybn\u00edkem Stojespal. V\u00a0niv\u011b Be\u010dv\u00e1rky jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny lu\u010dn\u00ed porosty. Na Topografick\u00e9 map\u011b 1 : 25 000 z\u00a0roku 1956 ani na St\u00e1tn\u00ed map\u011b 1 : 5 000 z\u00a0roku 1969 ba\u017einy nejsou zakresleny, ale zobrazen\u00ed lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed map\u011b (obr.\u00a011<\/em>).<\/p>\n \u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 archiv\u00e1liemi, je\u017e jsou bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b on-line p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. Popisuje str\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 zachytily sou\u010dasn\u00fd trend digitalizace r\u016fzn\u00fdch archivn\u00edch fond\u016f a\u00a0materi\u00e1l\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0c\u00edl\u016f bylo jednodu\u0161e a\u00a0p\u0159ehledn\u011b popsat sou\u010dasnou situaci a\u00a0pomoci s\u00a0orientac\u00ed v\u00a0problematice archivn\u00edch mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se mok\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Mezi archivn\u00edmi mapov\u00fdmi podklady, je\u017e poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159ehled o\u00a0historick\u00e9 lokalizaci mok\u0159adn\u00edch biotop\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0rybn\u00edk\u016f), jsou zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly jak v\u00a0polohov\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti, tak ve zp\u016fsobu interpretace krajinn\u00e9ho pokryvu, respektive v\u00a0kategorizaci podm\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch biotop\u016f. V\u0161echny zde p\u0159edstaven\u00e9 archivn\u00ed mapov\u00e9 podklady maj\u00ed velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l vyu\u017eitelnosti pro identifikaci historick\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, av\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159i jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 kombinaci nebo dopln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 na n\u011bkter\u00e9m podklad\u011b chyb\u00ed. V\u00fdjimkou je M\u00fcllerovo mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, kde lze smyslupln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt z\u0159ejm\u011b jen zobrazen\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch (rybn\u00edk\u016f) jako dopln\u011bk k\u00a0nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm podklad\u016fm. Vodn\u00ed toky tu nejsou zakresleny v\u0161echny.<\/p>\n Jednotliv\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 podklady p\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nelze br\u00e1t zcela nekriticky z\u00a0d\u016fvodu rozd\u00edln\u00e9 interpretace krajinn\u00e9ho pokryvu, respektive mok\u0159adn\u00edch biotop\u016f zakreslen\u00fdch v\u00a0t\u011bchto podkladech.<\/p>\n Mapy I. a\u00a0II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed kategorii podm\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 lesy a\u00a0nejsou v\u00a0nich \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u011b rozli\u0161ov\u00e1ny typy lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f z\u00a0hlediska jejich zamok\u0159en\u00ed. Na map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru jsou typy lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f naopak kategorizov\u00e1ny a\u00a0vyskytuj\u00ed se tu mokr\u00e9 louky, ale zase ne podm\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 lesy. Dal\u0161\u00ed mapov\u00e9 podklady nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed typy luk na mokr\u00e9 a\u00a0\u201esuch\u00e9\u201c a\u00a0v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zobrazen\u00ed ba\u017ein je hranice v\u011bt\u0161inou neostr\u00e1. V\u00a0Topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952 1 : 10 000 jsou zobrazov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny drobn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed toky, v\u00a0jin\u00fdch podkladech nikoli. P\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 interpretaci archivn\u00edch mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f by vodn\u00ed toky mohly mizet a\u00a0zase se objevovat, stejn\u011b tak podm\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 lesy nebo ba\u017einy. Takt\u00e9\u017e by se na map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu objevovaly a\u00a0v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech pak mizely i\u00a0mokr\u00e9 louky. Ov\u0161em z\u00a0kritick\u00e9ho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podklad\u016f lze vyvodit, \u017ee mokr\u00e9 louky od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed z\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed krajiny opravdu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zmizely. V\u00a0podstat\u011b lze jen polemizovat o\u00a0tom, zda to je z\u00a0hlediska krajinn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed a\u00a0vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b opravdu podstatn\u00e1 negativn\u00ed zm\u011bna, kdy\u017e jsou historick\u00e9 mokr\u00e9 louky v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti lokalizov\u00e1ny na \u201esuch\u00fdch\u201c louk\u00e1ch anebo v\u00a0k\u0159ovin\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00a0lese.<\/p>\n V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jsou prezentov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edklady zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed mok\u0159ad\u016f na historick\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch podkladech v\u00a0horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky, kde jsou v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 rozd\u00edly a\u00a0z\u00a0nich pramen\u00edc\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nep\u0159esnosti p\u0159i doslovn\u00e9 interpretaci mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159. v\u00a0lokalit\u011b U\u00a0Stratinek by se p\u0159i takov\u00e9 interpretaci z\u00a0mokr\u00fdch luk staly pouze louky \u201esuch\u00e9\u201c a\u00a0v\u00a0pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed by se tam objevil a\u00a0pot\u00e9 zmizel drobn\u00fd vodn\u00ed tok. Z\u00a0dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch anal\u00fdz t\u00e9to lokality [1] je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee zde bylo historicky prameni\u0161t\u011b, je\u017e bylo zlikvidov\u00e1no a\u00a0postupn\u011b p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bno na ornou p\u016fdu melioracemi na p\u0159elomu sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch a\u00a0osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed meliorace plnit svou funkci, podm\u00e1\u010denou p\u016fdu ji\u017e nelze soudobou technikou obhospoda\u0159ovat a\u00a0za pomoci sukcese se tu prameni\u0161t\u011b op\u011bt obnovilo. Topografick\u00e9 mapy v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952 a\u00a0St\u00e1tn\u00ed mapa 1 : 5\u00a0000 spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0historick\u00fdmi LMS ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee na sou\u010dasn\u00fdch velk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy bylo je\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch a\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed (tedy ji\u017e v\u00a0r\u00e1mci kolektivizace a\u00a0scelov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f) velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed drobn\u00fdch lokalit s\u00a0lu\u010dn\u00edmi porosty (tyto podklady nerozli\u0161ovaly louky podle zamok\u0159en\u00ed), kter\u00e9 se vyskytovaly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00fdch \u010di obdobn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, kde byly na map\u00e1ch stabiln\u00edho katastru zakresleny mokr\u00e9 louky. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je prezentov\u00e1no pouze n\u011bkolik lokalit jako p\u0159\u00edklad, nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuje \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch obdobn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee se jednalo o\u00a0trend ve zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee na t\u00e9ma digitalizace archivn\u00edch mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f nebo hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje krajiny na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich interpretace existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek s\u00a0informacemi o\u00a0digitalizaci mapov\u00e9 sb\u00edrky Geografick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Masarykovy univerzity [31]. T\u00e9matem vyu\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed ze star\u00fdch map se zab\u00fdval nap\u0159. Russn\u00e1k et al. [32], Havl\u00ed\u010dek et al. [33], Trp\u00e1kov\u00e1 [34], Kupka [35], Semot\u00e1nov\u00e1 [36, 37, 38] nebo Moreira et al. [39]. Archivn\u00ed mapov\u00e9 podklady pro vyhodnocen\u00ed krajinn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed vyu\u017eili nap\u0159. Lipsk\u00fd pro Novodvorsko a\u00a0\u017dehu\u0161icko [40, 41], Trp\u00e1kov\u00e1 et al. pro Sokolovsko [42] nebo Gimmi et al. pro anal\u00fdzu zmizel\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch \u0160v\u00fdcarska [43].<\/p>\n Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze potvrdit vhodnost vyu\u017eit\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku uveden\u00fdch mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed (obnov\u011b) ekologicky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch prvk\u016f (EVP) \u010di prost\u011b prvk\u016f pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 stability sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krajiny pro zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v krajin\u011b, a\u0165 ji\u017e v r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1nu spole\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch [44, 45], nebo vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed skladebn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00daSES (\u00dazemn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ekologick\u00e9 stability), zejm\u00e9na interak\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f [46, 47]. Historick\u00e1 lokalizace takov\u00fdch prvk\u016f je siln\u00fdm argumentem pro jejich obnovu, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. Nav\u00edc i v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed dotac\u00ed subjekt\u016fm hospoda\u0159\u00edc\u00edm na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b [48, 49] se s takov\u00fdmi prvky v r\u00e1mci vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed EVP v LPIS (registr p\u016fdy slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k evidenci zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy za \u00fa\u010delem vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed dotac\u00ed) po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, i kdy\u017e v minimalistick\u00e9m rozsahu.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pro\u0161el lektorsk\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The article presents available on-line archive maps from the websites of the Archive of the Surveying Office and the Geoinformatics Laboratory of the J. E. Purkyn\u011b University, that provide an overview of the historical wetland habi-\u2028tats location. The main research question is to find out the potential use of historical maps for the identification of the historical wetlands in the Czech Republic and the evaluation of various interpretations of wetland habitats based on these sources. Examples of wetlands on historical map data in the upper part of the V\u00fdrovka River basin are presented.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":13190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,88],"tags":[1980,2573,303,1982,1981],"coauthors":[1421],"class_list":["post-13219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-archival-maps","tag-floodplains-of-watercourses","tag-ponds","tag-water-retention-in-the-landscape","tag-wetlands"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13219"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30633,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13219\/revisions\/30633"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13219"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=13219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Stabiln\u00ed katastr<\/h3>\n
Druh\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Topografick\u00e9 mapy v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952<\/h3>\n
St\u00e1tn\u00ed mapa 1 : 5 000<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/RICHTER-1.jpg\")
<\/a>\nObr. 1. Interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f (bez rybn\u00edk\u016f) na map\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [4]
\nFig.\u00a01. Interpretation of wetlands (excluding ponds) on the map of I. Military mapping [4]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr. 2. Interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f (bez rybn\u00edk\u016f) v legend\u011b C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisk\u016f stabiln\u00edho katastru [1, 10]
\nFig.\u00a02. Interpretation of wetlands (excluding ponds) in the legend of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable Cadastre [1, 10]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr. 3. Interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f (bez rybn\u00edk\u016f) na map\u011b II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [5]
\nFig.\u00a03. Interpretation of wetlands (excluding ponds) on the map II. of Military mapping [5]<\/h6>\nArchivn\u00ed leteck\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9 sn\u00edmky\u00a0\u2013 LMS<\/h3>\n
P\u0158\u00cdKLADY INTERPRETAC E KRAJINN\u00c9HO POKRYVU NA POVOD\u00cd V\u00ddROVKY<\/h2>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 4. Interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f (bez rybn\u00edk\u016f) v legend\u011b Topografick\u00fdch map v syst\u00e9mu S-1952 [13]
\nFig.\u00a04. Interpretation of wetlands (excluding ponds) in the legend of Topographic Maps in the S-1952 system [13]<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr.\u00a05. Zobrazen\u00ed horn\u00ed (pramenn\u00e9) \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky na M\u00fcllerov\u011b mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [15]
\nFig.\u00a05. Depiction of the upper (source) part of the V\u00fdrovka River basin on M\u00fcller\u2018s\u00a0mapping [15]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr. 6. Zobrazen\u00ed horn\u00ed (pramenn\u00e9) \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky na map\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [16]
\nFig. 6. Depiction of the upper (source) part of the V\u00fdrovka River basin on the map of I. Military mapping [16]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr. 7. P\u0159\u00edklad zobrazen\u00ed ba\u017ein a mo\u010d\u00e1l\u016f v okol\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f na map\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00a0k. \u00fa. Chmeli\u0161t\u011b a Bl\u00e1to [16]
\nFig.\u00a07. Example of depiction of swamps around ponds on the map of I. Military mapping in current cadastral territories of Chmeli\u0161t\u011b and Bl\u00e1to [16]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr.\u00a08. P\u0159\u00edklad rozd\u00edln\u00e9 interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0niv\u011b V\u00fdrovky na map\u011b I. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [16] a\u00a0na C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisc\u00edch stabiln\u00edho katastru na hranici\u00a0k. \u00fa. Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 Janovice a\u00a0\u017d\u00ed\u0161ov [17]
\nObr.\u00a08. Example of different interpretation of wetlands in V\u00fdrovka River floodplain on the map of I. Military mapping [16] and on the Imperial Imprints of the Stable Cadastre on the border of cadastral territories of Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 Janovice and \u017d\u00ed\u0161ov [17]<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. P\u0159\u00edklad rozd\u00edln\u00e9 interpretace krajinn\u00e9ho pokryvu v lokalit\u011b U Stratinek v k. \u00fa. Ra\u0161ovice na Indika\u010dn\u00edch skic\u00e1ch [18] a C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisc\u00edch stabiln\u00edho katastru [19], na Topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch v syst\u00e9mu S-1952 1 : 10 000 [20] a 1 : 25 000 [21] a na St\u00e1tn\u00ed map\u011b 1 : 5 000 (1962) [22]
\nFig. 9. Example of different interpretation of land cover in the place U Stratinek in cadastral territory of Ra\u0161ovice on Indication sketches [18] and Imperial Imprints of the Stable Cadastre [19], on Topographic maps in the S-1952 system 1 : 10 000 [20] and 1 : 25 000 [21] and on the State map 1 : 5 000 (1962) [22]<\/h6>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nObr.\u00a010. Lokalita U\u00a0Stratinek v\u00a0k. \u00fa. Ra\u0161ovice na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed map\u011b \u010cR 1 : 10 000\u00a0[2], sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ortofotomap\u011b (2019) [23], na leteck\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch z\u00a0let 1938 [24] a\u00a01960 [25] a\u00a0na map\u011b II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [26]
\nFig.\u00a010. Place U\u00a0Stratinek in cadastral territory of Ra\u0161ovice on the current Basic Map of the Czech Republic 1 : 10 000 [2], the current orthophotomap (2019) [23], on archival aerial photographs from years 1938 [24] and 1960 [25] and on the map of II. Military mapping [26]<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr.\u00a011. P\u0159\u00edklad interpretace mok\u0159ad\u016f u\u00a0rybn\u00edka Stojespal a\u00a0u\u00a0Ml\u00e9kovick\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka na C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch otisc\u00edch stabiln\u00edho katastru [27], na Topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu S-1952 1 : 10 000 [28] a\u00a01 : 25 000 [29] a\u00a0na St\u00e1tn\u00ed map\u011b 1 : 5 000 (1969) [30]
\nFig.\u00a011. Example of interpretation of wetlands around Stojespal pond and Ml\u00e9kovice pond on Imperial Imprints of the Stable Cadastre [27], on Topographic maps in the S-1952 system 1 : 5 000 [28] and 1 : 25 000 [29] and on the State map 1 : 5 000 (1969) [30]<\/h6>\nDISKUZE A Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/h2>\n