{"id":1298,"date":"2015-12-10T14:57:03","date_gmt":"2015-12-10T14:57:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=1298"},"modified":"2024-07-16T10:11:01","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:11:01","slug":"drought-management-and-water-reservoirs-construction-in-the-context-of-spatial-planning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2015\/12\/drought-management-and-water-reservoirs-construction-in-the-context-of-spatial-planning\/","title":{"rendered":"Drought management and water reservoirs construction in the context of spatial planning"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky existuje dlouhodob\u00e1 ochrana lokalit vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod (LAPV), kter\u00fdch je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti 65, v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na aktualizace. Ochrana t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0sebou v\u0161ak nese dopady na\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj obc\u00ed a\u00a0obyvatelstva i\u00a0krajiny jako takov\u00e9. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b proveden\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v\u00a0okol\u00ed n\u011bkolika st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, ter\u00e9nn\u00edch \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed i\u00a0dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v\u00a0obc\u00edch dot\u010den\u00fdch \u00fazemn\u00ed rezervou LAPV byla sestavena metodika zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu podklad\u016f k\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edmu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto lokalit\u00e1ch. Jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je rovn\u011b\u017e definov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sad, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat, aby nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0nen\u00e1vratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u00a0znehodnocen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu \u00fa\u010delu jeho ochrany.<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika le\u017e\u00ed na\u00a0rozhran\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch povod\u00ed, a\u00a0proto je nutn\u00e9 velmi dob\u0159e hospoda\u0159it s\u00a0ve\u0161kerou vodou, kter\u00e1 k\u00a0n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ve\u00a0form\u011b sr\u00e1\u017eek. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvaceti letech doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hydrologick\u00fdm extr\u00e9m\u016fm: v\u00a0letech 1997, 2002, 2010 a\u00a02013 na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed zas\u00e1hly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 povodn\u011b, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2003, 2014 a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0roce 2015 vedlo dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho k\u00a0pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm v\u00a0z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva pitnou vodou a\u00a0i\u00a0v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed byly hl\u00e1\u0161eny zna\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. V\u00a0nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch je o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no dal\u0161\u00ed stup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto negativn\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch situac\u00ed [1].<\/p>\n

Ke\u00a0zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f t\u011bchto hydrologick\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout celou \u0159adu opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 povedou k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Technickou str\u00e1nkou \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 projekty, jejich\u017e v\u00fdstupy a\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bry jsou publikov\u00e1ny na\u00a0odborn\u00fdch akc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0odborn\u00fdch \u010dasopisech (nap\u0159.\u00a0[2]). Z\u00a0technick\u00e9ho hlediska se pak jev\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kombinace tzv.\u00a0\u201em\u011bkk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c v\u00a0krajin\u011b s\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou \u00fadoln\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed s\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edm objemem, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed zachytit povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vody, ochr\u00e1nit os\u00eddlen\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee po\u00a0toku a\u00a0naopak poskytovat vodu pro obyvatele i\u00a0pro z\u00e1vlahy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f nalep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0dob\u011b sucha.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdstavba t\u011bchto n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je \u010dasov\u011b a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale tak\u00e9 politicky citliv\u00e1. Obyvatel\u00e9 obc\u00ed, kter\u00fdch by se nov\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed dotkla, se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f na\u00a0sv\u016fj dosavadn\u00ed \u017eivot. Benefity, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbou velk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed, jsou p\u0159\u00ednosem pro celou spole\u010dnost, ale nejv\u00edce se projevuj\u00ed v\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch zna\u010dn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch, zat\u00edmco m\u00edstn\u00ed lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na negativa spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou. P\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u011bchto spole\u010densk\u00fdch jev\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme pak pozorovat nap\u0159.\u00a0p\u0159i projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017ee Nov\u00e9 He\u0159m\u00ednovy, kter\u00e9 intenzivn\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 od\u00a0povodn\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1997 [3].<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Lokality chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod podle Generelu (2011)
\nFig. 1. Localities suitable for surface water accumulation, according to \u201cGenerel\u201d (2011)<\/h6>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00fd projekt Anal\u00fdzy a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b\u00ad\u2011ekonomick\u00fdch dopad\u016f na\u00a0rozvoj spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00edch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod m\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u011bt, vedle projekt\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na\u00a0technick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, k\u00a0snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0ochranou a\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou ve\u00a0v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch akumulace povrchov\u00fdch vod.<\/p>\n

Seznam takto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch lokalit (vizualizov\u00e1ny jsou na\u00a0obr.\u00a01<\/em>), kter\u00e9 by byly z\u00a0geologick\u00e9ho i\u00a0hydrologick\u00e9ho hlediska vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdstavbu, je jmenovit\u011b uveden v\u00a0Generelu \u00fazem\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod a\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch z\u00e1sad vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed (d\u00e1le jen Generel) [4], p\u0159ipraven\u00e9m ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci MZe a\u00a0M\u017dP v\u00a0roce 2011. K\u00a022. prosinci 2015 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tento materi\u00e1l aktualizov\u00e1n, jak je uvedeno p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0jeho vstupn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. Lokality zahrnut\u00e9 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b do\u00a0Generelu jsou v\u00fdb\u011brem z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 studijn\u011b zpracovan\u00fdch m\u00edst na\u00a0toc\u00edch v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kde p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed akumulac\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody [5].<\/p>\n

Jeden z\u00a0krok\u016f k\u00a0aktualizaci Generelu podpo\u0159ila v\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce i\u00a0vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky formou Usnesen\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody ze dne 29.\u00a0\u010dervence\u00a02015 [6].<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti vod a\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0LAPV<\/h2>\n

Ochrana lokalit chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod (LAPV) je dlouhodob\u00e1, ji\u017e od\u00a060. let 20. stolet\u00ed [5], a\u00a0v\u00fdhledov\u011b bude trvat n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00ed, ne\u017e dojde ke\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b nebo k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu vy\u0159azen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 lokality z\u00a0tohoto seznamu. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu nejsou LAPV p\u0159edm\u011btem vodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0intenc\u00edch R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice pro vodn\u00ed politiku [7], ale ur\u010dit\u00fdm v\u00fdhledem pro budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fadoln\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed nen\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed jen v\u00a0rukou Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, velkou roli maj\u00ed i\u00a0n\u00e1stroje \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u00a0t\u00edm Ministerstvo pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj.<\/p>\n

Dlouhodob\u00e1 \u00fazemn\u00ed ochrana lokalit vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod je zakotvena i\u00a0v\u00a0dokumentech \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b dokumentu Politika \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje \u010cR [8], ve\u00a0zn\u011bn\u00ed Aktualizace \u010d.\u00a01, kter\u00fd je ur\u010den zejm\u00e9na pro koordinaci \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje na\u00a0celost\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni a\u00a0pro koordinaci \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed \u010dinnosti kraj\u016f, maj\u00ed kraje za\u00a0povinnost v\u00a0Z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje (Z\u00daR) vymezit jako \u00fazemn\u00ed rezervy plochy pro vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0Generelu [4]. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b stavebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona [9] s\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7\u202f28a odst.\u00a01 z\u00e1kona o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch [10], byly v\u00a0Generelu stanoveny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1sady vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fazemn\u00edch rezerv a\u00a0stanoveny podm\u00ednky jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentaci. V\u00a0t\u011bchto lokalit\u00e1ch nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 navrhovat z\u00e1m\u011bry na\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zejm\u00e9na [4]:\u00a0nov\u00fdch staveb technick\u00e9 a\u00a0dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho, republikov\u00e9ho a\u00a0jin\u00e9ho nadm\u00edstn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou staveb, kde bude prok\u00e1z\u00e1no projektovou dokumentac\u00ed, \u017ee jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo proveden\u00ed anebo\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nezt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed dot\u010den\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btnou stavbou pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod;\u00a0zm\u011bny dokon\u010den\u00fdch staveb technick\u00e9 a\u00a0dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury mezi-n\u00e1rodn\u00edho, republikov\u00e9ho a\u00a0jin\u00e9ho nadm\u00edstn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou staveb, kde bude prok\u00e1z\u00e1no projektovou dokumentac\u00ed, \u017ee jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nebo proveden\u00ed anebo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nezt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed dot\u010den\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btnou stavbou pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod;\u00a0staveb a\u00a0za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro pr\u016fmysl, energetiku, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ebu nerost\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch staveb, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly naru\u0161it geologick\u00e9 a\u00a0morfologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho profilu p\u0159ehrady nebo jinak nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivnit budouc\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed plochy z\u00e1topy vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, a\u00a0to jak samotn\u00fdm rozsahem staveb ve\u00a0vymezen\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed (nap\u0159.\u00a0s\u00eddeln\u00ed \u00fatvary), velk\u00fdmi plochami pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0investi\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi veden\u00edmi technick\u00e9 infrastruktury, tak jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm provozem (nap\u0159.\u00a0sklady zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a\u00a0nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch odpad\u016f, odkali\u0161\u0165, sklady pohonn\u00fdch hmot).<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a02. Sch\u00e9ma vazeb z\u00e1kladn\u00edch dokument\u016f v\u00a0oblasti \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed
\nFig. 2. Diagram of links of basic documents in the field of spatial planning<\/h6>\n

Vymezen\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00edch rezerv pro LAPV v\u00a0Z\u00daR se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech po\u0159izovan\u00fdch na\u00a0\u00farovni obc\u00ed. Vazby mezi uveden\u00fdmi \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji jsou p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eeny ve\u00a0sch\u00e9matu na\u00a0obr.\u00a02<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hodnocen\u00ed vybran\u00fdch st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Ve\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m T. G. Masaryka,\u00a0v.v.i., je nyn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en projekt, kter\u00fd hodnot\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b\u00ad\u2011ekonomick\u00e9 a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9 dopady a\u00a0dopady na\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm a\u00a0ochranou \u00fazem\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch pro budouc\u00ed akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsou analyzov\u00e1ny faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj obc\u00ed a\u00a0obyvatelstva, kter\u00fdch se p\u0159\u00edmo dot\u00fdk\u00e1 h\u00e1jen\u00ed a\u00a0budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto lokalit. D\u00e1le jsou posuzov\u00e1ny kladn\u00e9 i\u00a0negativn\u00ed dopady rozhodnut\u00ed o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed ochran\u011b t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed nebo o\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 m\u00edra omezen\u00ed rozvoje m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit t\u00edmto nadregion\u00e1ln\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Metodika \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu zahrnovala nejprve pr\u016fzkum a\u00a0posouzen\u00ed ji\u017e postaven\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0jejich dopad na\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity. Tato anal\u00fdza poskytla p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch a\u017e kritick\u00fdch m\u00edstech v\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed lokalit, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0projektov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Pozornost p\u0159i tomto rozboru byla zam\u011b\u0159ena zejm\u00e9na na\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Vranov, \u0160ance a\u00a0Slezsk\u00e1 Harta.<\/p>\n

Za\u00a0\u00fa\u010delem postihnut\u00ed zm\u011bn ve\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159ed a\u00a0po\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee byl ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0V\u00daKOZ,\u00a0v.v.i., hodnocen v\u00fdvoj vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00edch. Pro sledovan\u00e9 lokality byla vytvo\u0159ena obalov\u00e1 z\u00f3na (buffer) tak, aby bylo zachyceno okol\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u010detn\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch zastav\u011bn\u00fdch ploch, ve\u00a0kter\u00fdch do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-3\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a03. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Slezsk\u00e1 Harta
\nFig. 3. Land use before the construction of reservoir in the area of Slezska Harta<\/h6>\n

Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 10\u2009000 nebo 1 : 25\u2009000 a\u00a0star\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch map 1 : 10\u2009000, v\u017edy \u010dasov\u011b nejbl\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159ed term\u00ednem budov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho d\u00edla, byly zpracov\u00e1ny historick\u00e9 mapy vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny. Pro nejstar\u0161\u00ed sledovanou n\u00e1dr\u017e VD Vranov, vybudovanou v\u00a0letech 1930\u20131933, byly jako z\u00e1klad pou\u017eity Digitalizovan\u00e9 mapy reambulovan\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 25\u2009000 z\u00a0roku 1933. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161ak ji\u017e \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1dr\u017ee byla do\u00a0map zakreslena, proto byla plocha z\u00e1topy dopln\u011bna z\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch star\u0161\u00edch dat, a\u00a0to z\u00a0Digitalizovan\u00fdch map III. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 25\u2009000 (z\u00a0roku 1876). Vojensk\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 mapy\u00a01 : 10\u2009000 z\u00a0roku 1962 se staly zdrojem dat pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny VD \u0160ance, kter\u00e1 byla vybudovan\u00e1 v\u00a0letech 1964\u20131969, Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapy \u010cR 1 : 10\u2009000 z\u00a0let 1994\u20131995 pak zdrojem dat pro lokalitu VD Slezsk\u00e1 Harta, vybudovanou v\u00a0letech 1987\u20131997.<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed mapa vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny byla vytvo\u0159ena nad sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi mapami 1 : 10\u2009000 z\u00a0mapov\u00e9ho serveru \u010c\u00daZK. Celkem bylo vymezeno 10 kategori\u00ed
\n(t\u0159\u00edd) vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny: 1\u00a0\u2013 orn\u00e1 p\u016fda, 2\u00a0\u2013 trval\u00fd travn\u00ed porost, 3\u00a0\u2013 sad a\u00a0zahrada,\u00a04\u00a0\u2013 vinice a\u00a0chmelnice, 5\u00a0\u2013 les, 6\u00a0\u2013 vodn\u00ed plocha, 7\u00a0\u2013 souvisl\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba, 8\u00a0\u2013 rekrea\u010dn\u00ed plocha, 9\u00a0\u2013 roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba, 0\u00a0\u2013 ostatn\u00ed.\u00a0Zm\u011bny ve\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny byly stanoveny na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b proveden\u00e9 prostorov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm n\u00e1stroj\u016f GIS. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky dokumentuje tabulka 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-4\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Slezsk\u00e1 Harta
\nFig. 4. Current land use in the area of Slezska Harta<\/h6>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bna ve\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy mezi dobou p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti byla zaznamen\u00e1na u\u00a0VD Slezsk\u00e1 Harta, kdy ubylo 35,6\u00a0% orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, v\u011bt\u0161inou se jednalo o\u00a0zm\u011bnu v\u00a0trval\u00fd travn\u00ed porost, jak je patrn\u00e9 z\u00a0obr.\u00a03<\/em> a\u00a04<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze projektu bylo rovn\u011b\u017e dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 Fakultou soci\u00e1ln\u00edch studi\u00ed MU v\u00a0Brn\u011b [11]. Toto \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, realizovan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed kvantitativn\u011b\u00ad\u2011kvalitativn\u00edch metod na\u00a0reprezentativn\u00edm vzorku dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed v\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch dot\u010den\u00fdch v\u00fdstavbou, poskytlo unik\u00e1tn\u00ed data t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1zor\u016f, postoj\u016f a\u00a0zku\u0161enost\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti s\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou velk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch d\u011bl. D\u00edky nim mohla b\u00fdt formulov\u00e1na n\u011bkter\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla minimalizovat socio-
\nekonomick\u00e1 rizika spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravou i\u00a0realizac\u00ed takov\u00fdchto staveb.<\/p>\n

\"forejtnikova-5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a05. V\u00fdvoj po\u010dtu obyvatel v\u00a0obc\u00edch zasa\u017een\u00fdch stavbou VD Slezsk\u00e1 Harta\u00a0(rok 1987\u00a0\u2013 za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u00fdstavby)
\nFig. 5. Number of inhabitans in the municipalities affected by the construction\u00a0of reservoirs (the year 1987\u00a0\u2013 start of construction)<\/h6>\n

Z\u00a0Datab\u00e1ze demografick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f za\u00a0obce \u010cR \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu [12] byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed statistick\u00e1 data. Graf na\u00a0obr.\u00a05<\/em> dokumentuje v\u00fdvoj migra\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku v\u00a0oblasti VD Slezsk\u00e1 Harta, kde je patrn\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00a0po\u010dtu obyvatel v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zaplaven\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obc\u00ed v\u00a0dob\u011b v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj tohoto os\u00eddlen\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u\u00a0st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ze sledovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed neprob\u00edhalo v\u00a0nov\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, tzn.\u00a0po\u00a0roce 1989. U\u00a0nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 Slezsk\u00e9 Harty, byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poznatky, vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro budouc\u00ed \u010dinnost ve\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b a\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee do\u00a0budoucna bude pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komunikace s\u00a0ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, dot\u010den\u00fdm ochranou lokality a\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017ee. V\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch dlouho p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed subjektivn\u00ed pocity k\u0159ivdy i\u00a0negativn\u00ed n\u00e1lady z\u00a0nedodr\u017een\u00ed slib\u016f o\u00a0kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch (zejm\u00e9na Slezsk\u00e1 Harta). Tyto postoje se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i\u00a0do\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed generace a\u00a0i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se lid\u00e9 zcela odst\u011bhuj\u00ed z\u00a0obc\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdstavbou (\u0160ance). Lze v\u0161ak dokladovat, \u017ee se\u00a0objektivn\u011b zhor\u0161ily podm\u00ednky pro b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017eivot v\u00a0dot\u010den\u00fdch obc\u00edch, jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o\u00a0zhor\u0161enou dopravn\u00ed obslu\u017enost, p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed historick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch koridor\u016f a\u00a0v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na\u00a0to zhor\u0161en\u00ed dostupnosti zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de, doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed do\u00a0zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0apod. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Slezsk\u00e9 Harty jsou tyto dopady, vyvolan\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbou, \u0159e\u0161eny a\u017e nyn\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed studi\u00ed [13].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Zm\u011bna ve\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy p\u0159ed a\u00a0po\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b sledovan\u00fdch vodn\u00edch d\u011bl
\nTable 1. The land use change, status before and after construction of the water reservoir<\/h5>\n\"forejtnikova-tabulka-1\"<\/a>\n

Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee tyto negativn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti m\u00edstn\u00edch lid\u00ed se prom\u00edtly i\u00a0do\u00a0postoj\u016f ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159i z\u00e1m\u011bru v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017ee Nov\u00e9 He\u0159m\u00ednovy a\u00a0p\u0159i ochran\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou budouc\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu. Vznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, jak\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem lze zajistit spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch doprovodn\u00fdch a\u00a0kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby nebyly jen na\u00a0\u00farovni politick\u00fdch slib\u016f a\u00a0nedoch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu \u0161krt\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0projektu z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f nedostatku finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, co\u017e je \u010dast\u00e1 obava m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel.<\/p>\n

\u0160et\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod (LAPV)<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci dal\u0161\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu byly zkoum\u00e1ny a\u00a0posuzov\u00e1ny socioekonomick\u00e9 a\u00a0demografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u00a0vztahy, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1zor\u016f a\u00a0postoj\u016f laick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0LAPV. Tyto \u00fadaje byly porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny na\u00a0druh\u00e9 stran\u011b s\u00a0objektivn\u00edmi technick\u00fdmi \u00fadaji o\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, jeho ochran\u011b a\u00a0st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm i\u00a0budouc\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. Do\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu byly tak\u00e9 zahrnuty prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 i\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 dopady na\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b objektivn\u00edch i\u00a0subjektivn\u011b vn\u00edman\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel vstupuj\u00ed do\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nadregion\u00e1ln\u00ed nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed odbory ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. N\u00e1zor \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bchto profesn\u00edch ekolog\u016f i\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti ve\u0159ejnosti je, \u017ee v\u00fdstavba velk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0\u017ee v\u0161echny po\u017eadovan\u00e9 funkce lze zajistit jin\u00fdmi, m\u00e9n\u011b viditeln\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Zku\u0161enost v\u0161ak ukazuje a\u00a0hydrologick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee protierozn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, dob\u0159e proveden\u00e1 pozemkov\u00e1 \u00faprava, v\u00fdstavba a\u00a0obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0mok\u0159ad\u016f jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a\u00a0nenahraditeln\u00e9 i\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00edch v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch LAPV. Samy o\u00a0sob\u011b v\u0161ak tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b postupuj\u00edc\u00edho sucha nebudou dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Situace na\u00a0toku Jevi\u0161ovka, LAPV Plave\u010d<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na toku Jevi\u0161ovka a\u00a0lokalit\u011b Plave\u010d, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu vybr\u00e1na jako pilotn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed. Povod\u00ed t\u00e9to \u0159eky nen\u00ed velk\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 779\u2008km\u00b2, av\u0161ak rozkol\u00edsanost pr\u016ftok\u016f je zna\u010dn\u00e1 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n

To ji\u017e v\u00a0minulosti vedlo postupn\u011b k\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b dvou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, a to n\u00e1dr\u017ee Jevi\u0161ovice v\u00a0roce 1896 (nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehrada na\u00a0Morav\u011b) se z\u00e1sobn\u00edm objemem 0,131\u2008mil. m\u00b3 a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee V\u00fdrovice v\u00a0roce 1983 se z\u00e1sobn\u00edm objemem 2,984\u2008mil. m\u00b3\u00a0[15]. P\u0159es tato opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my jak s\u00a0povod\u0148ov\u00fdmi stavy, tak zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdmi stavy v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha, jak je patrn\u00e9 z\u00a0obr.\u00a06<\/em>. V\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm such\u00e9m roce 2015 byl p\u0159\u00edtok do\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Jevi\u0161ovice po\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 obdob\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nem\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b 2\u2008l.s-1<\/sup>), zat\u00edmco z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee odt\u00e9kal po\u017eadovan\u00fd minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016ftok 20\u2008l.s-1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\"forejtnikova-6\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a06. Doln\u00ed tok Jevi\u0161ovky u\u00a0obce Jevi\u0161ovka, povode\u0148 v\u00a0roce 2006 a\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky v\u00a0roce 2015
\nFig. 6. The lower course of the Jevi\u0161ovka river by Jevi\u0161ovka village, flood in 2006 and low water flow in 2015<\/h6>\n

Na\u00a0t\u00e9to \u0159ece je chr\u00e1n\u011bna dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhledov\u00e1 lokalita Plave\u010d, kter\u00e1 by zv\u011bt\u0161ila celkov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00ed i\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00ed prostor. P\u0159i jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 realizaci by se jednalo o\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed kompromisu mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi variantami. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je h\u00e1jena varianta s\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm rozsahem n\u00e1dr\u017ee (celkov\u00fd potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed objem a\u017e 8,2\u2008mil. m\u00b3) [4], ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 s\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem na\u00a0ovladatelnost pr\u016ftok\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u00e9to n\u00e1dr\u017ee by se jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos neprojevil v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b v\u00fdstavby, ale zejm\u00e9na na\u00a0doln\u00edm toku, kde by Jevi\u0161ovka poskytovala v\u00a0obdob\u00edch sucha v\u00edce vody pro z\u00e1vlahy a\u00a0dostatek technologick\u00e9 vody pro cukrovar v\u00a0Hru\u0161ovanech nad Jevi\u0161ovkou.<\/p>\n

Dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0obc\u00edch dot\u010den\u00fdch LAPV<\/h3>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho projektu bylo provedeno dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed mezi starosty v\u0161ech obc\u00ed, do\u00a0jejich\u017e katastru zasahuje n\u011bkter\u00e1 z\u00a065 lokalit vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod. Dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed prob\u011bhlo formou e\u00ad\u2011mailu s\u00a0p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdm elektronick\u00fdm dotazn\u00edkem (obr.\u00a07<\/em>). Ten byl odesl\u00e1n na\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed e\u00ad\u2011mailov\u00e9 adresy obc\u00ed. Vypln\u011bn\u00e9 dotazn\u00edky jsou k\u00a0dispozici na\u00a0pracovi\u0161ti \u0159e\u0161itel\u016f a\u00a0budou d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1ny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-7\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a07. Dotazn\u00edk ur\u010den\u00fd z\u00e1stupc\u016fm obc\u00ed dot\u010den\u00fdch vymezen\u00edm LAPV
\nFig. 7. Questionnaire addressed to the mayors of municipalities affected by LASW delimitation<\/h6>\n

Z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 205 osloven\u00fdch starost\u016f odpov\u011bd\u011blo 84 (\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost 41\u00a0%). Dotazn\u00edk byl ve\u00a0valn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b vypln\u011bn p\u0159\u00edmo starostou dan\u00e9 obce (89\u00a0%), ve\u00a0zbyl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u00edstostarostou nebo vedouc\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9ho odboru dan\u00e9 obce. Podrobnost odpov\u011bd\u00ed byla velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e1, od\u00a0podrobn\u00e9ho rozeps\u00e1n\u00ed postoj\u016f obce po\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee nemohou posoudit. Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee dostate\u010dn\u011b informov\u00e1no o\u00a0problematice LAPV je 30\u00a0% obc\u00ed, 48\u00a0% poci\u0165uje nedostatek informac\u00ed k\u00a0t\u00e9to problematice a\u00a012\u00a0% dokonce nev\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee jejich katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed je dot\u010deno z\u00e1m\u011brem LAPV.<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0ot\u00e1zku \u201eJak\u00fd je postoj obce k\u00a0z\u00e1m\u011bru LAPV?\u201c uvedlo 37\u00a0% respondent\u016f, \u017ee kladn\u00fd, a\u00a020\u00a0%, \u017ee z\u00e1porn\u00fd, zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed reakce nebyly jednozna\u010dn\u00e9. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je rovn\u011b\u017e existence vymezen\u00ed LAPV v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech obc\u00ed. Z\u00a084 sledovan\u00fdch obc\u00ed m\u00e1 \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n 89\u00a0%. Podle veden\u00ed obc\u00ed je LAPV vymezena v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech 38\u00a0% obc\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edch 8\u00a0% p\u0159ipravuje takov\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, kde bude LAPV zanesena. Pozemkov\u00e9 \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 zasahuj\u00ed do\u00a0LAPV, byly projektov\u00e1ny pouze v\u00a06\u00a0% obc\u00ed, ani tady v\u0161ak s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadnou budouc\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nebylo uva\u017eov\u00e1no, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav se z\u00e1m\u011brem LAPV nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Hydrologick\u00e1 data z\u00a0profil\u016f na\u00a0\u0159ece Jevi\u0161ovce [14]
\nTable 2. Hydrological data from profiles on the Jevi\u0161ovka river [14]<\/h5>\n\"forejtnikova-tabulka-2\"<\/a>\n

V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n

Z\u00a0proveden\u00fdch rozbor\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdzkum\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee postoje obc\u00ed a\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti nejsou ji\u017e jednozna\u010dn\u011b negativn\u00ed k\u00a0z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm ochrany lokalit a\u00a0budouc\u00ed v\u00fdstavby nov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159isp\u011blo k\u00a0tomu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i\u00a0prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed sucha. Dot\u010den\u00e9 obce se o\u00a0problematiku v\u011bt\u0161inou aktivn\u011b zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jim to bude umo\u017en\u011bno, budou aktivn\u00ed i\u00a0p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0ochranou LAPV. P\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee u\u017eitek z\u00a0v\u00fdstavby je jinde ne\u017e v\u00a0dot\u010den\u00fdch obc\u00edch a\u00a0\u017ee by tyto obce m\u011bly m\u00edt ur\u010dit\u00e9 kompenzace ji\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b h\u00e1jen\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b realizace stavby nebudou jejich z\u00e1jmy opom\u00edjeny.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b se soud\u00ed, \u017ee ze strany \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0investor\u016f nebude probl\u00e9m s\u00a0n\u00e1hradou za\u00a0ztracen\u00e9 obytn\u00e9 budovy. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak projevuj\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mitky proti z\u00e1m\u011br\u016fm v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed se daj\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat i\u00a0do\u00a0budoucna. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b realizace v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017ee se tedy nab\u00edzej\u00ed ot\u00e1zky nap\u0159.\u00a0jak nahradit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed i komer\u010dn\u00ed rekreaci v\u00e1zanou na\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed vodn\u00edho toku (nap\u0159.\u00a0\u010cu\u010dice nebo Horn\u00ed Lomn\u00e1, obr. 8<\/em>) nebo jak kompenzovat ztr\u00e1tu \u017eivnosti v\u00e1zanou na\u00a0vodn\u00ed tok\u00a0\u2013 mal\u00e1 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna, ml\u00fdn (nap\u0159.\u00a0Plave\u010d, Podol\u00ed), ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 rekrea\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se pstruhov\u00fdmi rybn\u00ed\u010dky (nap\u0159.\u00a0Rajnochovice, Juhyn\u011b)\u00a0apod.<\/p>\n\"forejtnikova-8\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 8. Moravskoslezsk\u00e9 Beskydy, \u00fadol\u00ed LAPV Horn\u00ed Lomn\u00e1
\nFig. 8. Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mountains, LAPV Valley Horn\u00ed Lomn\u00e1<\/h6>\n

P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek se orientuje zejm\u00e9na na\u00a0postoje a\u00a0probl\u00e9my jednotliv\u00fdch obyvatel a\u00a0cel\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit, av\u0161ak v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9m projektu byly v\u00a0h\u00e1jen\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch sledov\u00e1ny i\u00a0z\u00e1jmy jin\u00fdch resort\u016f. Z\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyplynulo, \u017ee v\u00a0dokumentaci LAPV by byla pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inventarizace pam\u00e1tek i\u00a0drobn\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Podobn\u00e1 je situace s\u00a0ochranou p\u0159\u00edrody. V\u00a0pasportech v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Generelu jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny v\u00fdskyty chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch rostlin a\u00a0\u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, bylo by v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st inventariza\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy a\u00a0posouzen\u00ed i\u00a0z\u00a0pohledu jedine\u010dnosti a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edho \u010dasov\u00e9ho v\u00fdhledu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Nov\u00e9 poznatky a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu se prom\u00edtaj\u00ed do\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu metodiky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu podklad\u016f k\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edmu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod. Tato navrhovan\u00e1 metodika je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f projektu a\u00a0je p\u0159ipravov\u00e1na pro Ministerstvo pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj a\u00a0pro st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu v\u00a0oblasti \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ukazuje se, \u017ee za\u0159azen\u00ed LAPV do\u00a0Z\u00daR formou \u00fazemn\u00ed rezervy byl dobr\u00fd vstupn\u00ed krok, av\u0161ak pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd rozvoj dot\u010den\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed je pot\u0159eba tyto lokality v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed podrobn\u011bji rozpracovat. Podklady p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 podle metodiky umo\u017en\u00ed zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u016f LAPV do\u00a0cel\u00e9 struktury \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00edch podklad\u016f (\u00fazemn\u011b analytick\u00e9 podklady, \u00fazemn\u00ed studie), do\u00a0aktualizace strategick\u00e9ho dokumentu Politika \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje \u010cR, do\u00a0\u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace r\u016fzn\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f (z\u00e1sady \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje, \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny) a\u00a0napomohou optimalizovat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto lokalit p\u0159i odborn\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f na\u00a0dot\u010den\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dota\u017een\u00ed cel\u00e9ho procesu \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e k\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edm pl\u00e1n\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch dot\u010den\u00fdch obc\u00ed p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb ochrany LAPV umo\u017en\u00ed plynul\u00fd rozvoj t\u011bchto obc\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b jejich opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na\u00a0podporu z\u00a0regionu. Sou\u010dasn\u011b bude rozvoj prob\u00edhat tak, aby nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u00a0znehodnocen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu \u00fa\u010delu, pro kter\u00fd je h\u00e1jeno.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu TD020084 Anal\u00fdzy a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b\u00ad\u2011ekonomick\u00fdch dopad\u016f na\u00a0rozvoj spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00edch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod, kter\u00fd je \u0159e\u0161en s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed podporou Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu OMEGA.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the Czech Republic long-term protection of localities suitable for surface water storage (LASW) is done. Currently the number of them is 65; in the near future this list will be updated. The protection of these areas, however, has impacts on social and economic development of communities, local people and on the landscape itself, too.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[121,193,191,192,190,95],"coauthors":[176,177,178],"class_list":["post-1298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-drought","tag-questionnaire-survey","tag-spatial-planning","tag-the-impacts-of-climate-change","tag-water-planning","tag-water-reservoir"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1298"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30294,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1298\/revisions\/30294"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1298"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}