{"id":11881,"date":"2021-04-19T09:52:15","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T08:52:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=11881"},"modified":"2024-07-17T11:28:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T10:28:42","slug":"adaptation-of-towns-and-municipalities-to-floods-and-drought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/04\/adaptation-of-towns-and-municipalities-to-floods-and-drought\/","title":{"rendered":"Adaptation of towns and municipalities to floods and drought"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>Realizace komplexn\u00edch adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm trendem ve v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a obc\u00edch Evropy. Pot\u0159eba p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch a intenzivn\u00edch povod\u0148ov\u00fdch epizod [1] a dlouh\u00fdch obdob\u00ed sucha, donutila p\u0159edstavitele m\u011bst a obc\u00ed k p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed dosavadn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k implementaci adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed do \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace. Adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed lze rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika kategori\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed pro danou kategorii specifick\u00fd charakter, jin\u00e1 se mohou v r\u00e1mci kategori\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednat. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm celoevropsk\u00fdm trendem ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch s\u00eddeln\u00edch celc\u00edch je tvorba tzv. katalog\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto katalogy vznikaj\u00ed s c\u00edlem adaptovat m\u011bstskou architekturu na zm\u011bnu klimatu. P\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 v nich jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 snaha vodu z m\u011bsta nejen odv\u00e9st, ale tak\u00e9 ji zadr\u017eovat. V mnoha evropsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed katalog\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed povinn\u00e9 pro \u010dinnost m\u011bstsk\u00fdch architekt\u016f [2].<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dvacet let jsme vystaveni st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f ve form\u011b povodn\u00ed a sucha. Povodn\u011b se vyskytuj\u00ed jak v podob\u011b fluvi\u00e1ln\u00ed, kter\u00e1 postihuje velk\u00e9 oblasti, tak i v podob\u011b pluvi\u00e1ln\u00ed, kdy jsou zasa\u017eeny mal\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed celky povrchov\u00fdm odtokem z povod\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 such\u00e1 perioda zas\u00e1hla celou \u010ceskou republiku a m\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Sou\u010dasnost a bl\u00edzk\u00e1 budoucnost vy\u017eaduj\u00ed tvorbu komplexn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, a to jak ve smyslu prevence proti povodn\u00edm, tak i ve smyslu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f sucha. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je sezn\u00e1mit \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e s komplexn\u00edm trendem v\u00fdvoje adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bst a obc\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v jejich vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prstenci.<\/p>\n<h2>Adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jako ochrana a prevence<\/h2>\n<p>Adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v souvislosti se zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00edm dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu soubor preventivn\u00edch a ochrann\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou preferov\u00e1na takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e nejen chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky povod\u0148ov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, ale p\u016fsob\u00ed i v obdob\u00ed sucha. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je rovn\u011b\u017e komunikace s ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee jedin\u011b s jej\u00ed pomoc\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 upozornit na prov\u00e1zanost opat\u0159en\u00ed a prosadit komplexn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i realizaci jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 ani p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed neposkytuje z pohledu hydrologick\u00e9ho extr\u00e9mu stoprocentn\u00ed ochranu. V\u017edy se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytnout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed povode\u0148 nebo sucho, ne\u017e na kter\u00e9 bylo opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017eeno. M\u00edra navr\u017een\u00e9 ochrany je proto v\u017edy \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu, c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupin\u011b a ekonomick\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm spojen\u00fdm s jej\u00ed realizac\u00ed.<br \/>\nAdapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed soubor technick\u00fdch \u010di p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch prvk\u016f nebo lidsk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, je\u017e lze realizovat v r\u00e1mci prevence p\u0159ed v\u00fdskytem nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch dopad\u016f hydrologick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed lze rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed v urbanizovan\u00fdch oblastech<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed z hlediska technick\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed budov<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed ve form\u011b varovn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed obyvatelstvu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento soubor opat\u0159en\u00ed je ve sv\u00e9 komplexnosti vhodn\u00fd nejen pro mal\u00e9 obce, ale i pro velk\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed celky, kde se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, lesn\u00ed a zastav\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b maj\u00ed za \u00fakol p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zpomalit a sn\u00ed\u017eit povrchov\u00fd odtok a sn\u00ed\u017eit erozi p\u016fdy. Do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry mohou p\u016fsobit i jako ur\u010dit\u00e1 prevence proti dopad\u016fm sucha t\u00edm, \u017ee zadr\u017euj\u00ed vodu a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed vlhkost p\u016fdy. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika pat\u0159\u00ed vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 historii spojen\u00e9 s dru\u017estevn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k zem\u00edm s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi p\u016fdn\u00edmi bloky. D\u016fsledkem tohoto zp\u016fsobu obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou velk\u00e9 d\u00e9lky svah\u016f, urychlen\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku a n\u00e1sledn\u00fd vznik zrychlen\u00e9 vodn\u00ed eroze, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed eroze v\u011btrn\u00e1. Spolu se zv\u00fd\u0161enou chemizac\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed vedou ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality p\u016fdy, co\u017e se krom\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed produk\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti projevuje i sn\u00ed\u017eenou schopnost\u00ed zadr\u017eovat a vsakovat vodu. V\u00fdsledn\u00fdm efektem nen\u00ed pouze ochrana vlastn\u00ed p\u016fdy p\u0159ed eroz\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i ochrana zastav\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pod exponovan\u00fdmi svahy nebo pozemky s nevhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem hospoda\u0159en\u00ed [3].<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b se d\u011bl\u00ed na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li>velikost a tvar pozemku<\/li>\n<li>zatravn\u011bn\u00ed nebo zalesn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 delimitace p\u016fdy<\/li>\n<li>setba plodin v p\u00e1sech<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>agrotechnick\u00e1:\n<ul>\n<li>vhodn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin, u\u017eit\u00ed kryc\u00edch plodin<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 setba, mul\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kultivace p\u016fdy po vrstevnici<\/li>\n<li>infiltra\u010dn\u00ed a z\u00e1chytn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy (obr. 1)<\/li>\n<li>zachov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch luk a pastvin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>technick\u00e1:\n<ul>\n<li>terasov\u00e1n\u00ed, meze<\/li>\n<li>stabilizace drah soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho odtoku (obr. 2)<\/li>\n<li>pr\u016flehy, p\u0159\u00edkopy, zadr\u017eovac\u00ed hr\u00e1zky<\/li>\n<li>vsakovac\u00ed studny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11881];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11685 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-2-768x514.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/535;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Gabionov\u00e1 p\u0159ehr\u00e1\u017eka v dr\u00e1ze soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku [2]<br \/>\nFig. 2. Gabion barrage in the path of concentrated surface runoff [2], (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<\/h6>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 pozemky v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f hydrologick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f v podob\u011b p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a sucha. Dok\u00e1\u017eou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zadr\u017eet p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a rovn\u011b\u017e i \u010dasov\u011b rozlo\u017eit odtok z \u00fazem\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed lze realizovat \u0159adu opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinky zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed z hlediska odtoku v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdskytu p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n<p>U zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch pozemk\u016f se v\u011bt\u0161inou jedn\u00e1 o tzv. p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou doprov\u00e1zena i technick\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi. V r\u00e1mci realizace p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit omezenost jejich \u00fa\u010dink\u016f [4], [5].<\/p>\n<p>Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>obnova p\u0159irozen\u00fdch sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch les\u016f<\/li>\n<li>pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a zmlazov\u00e1n\u00ed les\u016f<\/li>\n<li>omezen\u00ed rizika po\u0161kozen\u00ed lesn\u00ed p\u016fdy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u011b\u017eby<\/li>\n<li>rychl\u00e9 zalesn\u011bn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch pozemk\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace lesn\u00edch cest a jejich pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba<\/li>\n<li>obnova mok\u0159ad\u016f<\/li>\n<li>podpora p\u0159irozen\u00e9 sukcese<\/li>\n<li>hrazen\u00ed byst\u0159in a sanace erozn\u00edch r\u00fdh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>Vodn\u00ed toky hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m odveden\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krajinotvorn\u00fd prvek, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v krajin\u011b. V urbanizovan\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159eva\u017euje charakter kanalizovan\u00fdch tok\u016f, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem b\u00fdvalo co nejrychleji odv\u00e9st povod\u0148ov\u00fd pr\u016ftok ze zasa\u017een\u00e9 oblasti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159eva\u017euje siln\u00fd trend s c\u00edlem revitalizovat kanalizovan\u00e9 toky i v zastav\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, a to takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby nebyly ohro\u017eeny \u017eivoty, zdrav\u00ed a majetek obyvatel. N\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k nalezen\u00ed kompromisu mezi protipovod\u0148ovou ochranou a po\u017eadavky na ekologick\u00fd charakter toku.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mapov\u00e1n\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik (mapy rozliv\u016f, mapy hloubek)<\/li>\n<li>vyhodnocen\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch \u0161kod<\/li>\n<li>zpomalen\u00ed odtoku v ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech povod\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>obnoven\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed (obr. 3)<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdstavba such\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdstavba mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity most\u016f a propustk\u016f a jejich ochrana proti ucp\u00e1n\u00ed spl\u00e1v\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba koryt s c\u00edlem zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kapacity pro p\u0159eveden\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11881];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"883\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11687 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-3-272x300.jpg 272w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-3-768x848.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/883;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Revitalizace Rokytky meandrov\u00e1n\u00edm se zachov\u00e1n\u00edm inunda\u010dn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<br \/>\nFig. 3. Revitalization of Rokytka by meandering with preservation of the inundation area (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<\/h6>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed v urbanizovan\u00fdch oblastech<\/h2>\n<p>Zastav\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed s velkou hustotou zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti velk\u00e9 riziko z hlediska zhor\u0161en\u00ed odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f. Jejich vlivem doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed doby dotoku, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed infiltraci a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zahlcen\u00ed odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. D\u016fsledkem pak mohou b\u00fdt lok\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1plavy a \u0161kody na majetku obyvatel i infrastruktu\u0159e m\u011bst a obc\u00ed. C\u00edlem n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je zpomalit odtok ze zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch, zachytit a infiltrovat co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objem vody. N\u011bkter\u00e1 z uveden\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed sni\u017euj\u00ed dopady v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdskytu p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed zachycen\u00e9 vody v del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu.<\/p>\n<p>Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zpomalen\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed objemu odtoku ze zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch (parkovi\u0161\u0165, st\u0159ech, silnic \u2013 propustn\u00e1 dla\u017eba nebo jej\u00ed zdrsn\u011bn\u00ed) a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vsaku de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch vod<\/li>\n<li>vyu\u017eit\u00ed zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch coby do\u010dasn\u00fdch reten\u010dn\u00edch prostor<\/li>\n<li>dostate\u010dn\u011b kapacitn\u00ed odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 kanalizace<\/li>\n<li>zp\u011btn\u00e9 klapky na odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech<\/li>\n<li>do\u010dasn\u00e9 zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v podzemn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch s mo\u017enost\u00ed jejich pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>infiltrace a zpomalen\u00ed odtoku ze zatravn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch (infiltra\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1sy, pr\u016flehy, p\u0159\u00edkopy atd.)<\/li>\n<li>such\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee nebo vyu\u017eit\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00edch depres\u00ed k zadr\u017een\u00ed odtoku (obr. 4)<\/li>\n<li>v r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9 v\u00fdstavby \u2013 vhodn\u00e9 prostorov\u00e9 situov\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed s c\u00edlem vyhnout se drah\u00e1m soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho\/zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho odtoku<\/li>\n<li>omezen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby v rizikov\u00fdch oblastech<\/li>\n<li>zelen\u00e9 st\u0159echy \u2013 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty v hork\u00fdch dnech<\/li>\n<li>zelen\u00e9 st\u011bny \u2013 obdoba zelen\u00fdch st\u0159ech, ale ve vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm sm\u011bru<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11881];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"313\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11689 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-4-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-4-768x300.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/313;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Such\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee pro zachycen\u00ed odtoku ze zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch ploch a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 infiltrace do p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu. Lokalita Kyje (vlevo), Vino\u0159 (vpravo), (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<br \/>\nFig. 4. Polders for capturing runoff from paved areas and subsequent infiltration into the soil profile (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<\/h6>\n<p>Ne v\u017edy je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u010dinit takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby dot\u010den\u00e1 infrastruktura nebyla zasa\u017eena soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fdm povrchov\u00fdm odtokem, a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jej\u00edmu do\u010dasn\u00e9mu zaplaven\u00ed. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f se nab\u00edz\u00ed na takto exponovan\u00fdch objektech prov\u00e9st preventivn\u00ed technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, je\u017e zajist\u00ed co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed objektu.<\/p>\n<p>Technick\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mobiln\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 hrazen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>izolace podzemn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed budov<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 poloha a ochrana sv\u011btl\u00edk\u016f a vchod\u016f do sklep\u016f a jejich protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 ochrana<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed (obr. 5)<\/li>\n<li>ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed prostup\u016f potrub\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>technick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odtoku vody z budovy v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zatopen\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11881];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11691 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-5-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-5-768x508.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/529;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. Nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed budov v r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9 v\u00fdstavby v z\u00e1plavov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Litovick\u00e9ho potoka (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<br \/>\nFig. 5. Elevated ground floor of buildings as part of new construction in the floodplain of Litovick\u00fd potok (Foto: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<\/h6>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed v urbanizovan\u00fdch oblastech v r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace a koncepce rozvoje<\/h2>\n<p>Implementace adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ji\u017e v r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1n\u016f \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje m\u011bst a obc\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch preventivn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro ochranu \u017eivot\u016f, zdrav\u00ed a majetku obyvatelstva. Vlastn\u00ed implementace konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed do \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na typu dokumentace, je\u017e je v r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje po\u0159\u00edzena.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace je dokumentac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u2013 je-li po\u0159\u00edzena \u2013 p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 koncep\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky a podm\u00ednky pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u00fazem\u00ed. V podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace. Podle rozsahu \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed ji d\u011bl\u00edme do t\u0159\u00ed druh\u016f \u2013 z\u00e1sady \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje, \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n a regula\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n \u2013, od nich\u017e se odv\u00edj\u00ed i m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko dokumentace, a tedy jej\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 podrobnost.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lze zahrnout do \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace (\u00daPD), je uva\u017eov\u00e1no s rozd\u011blen\u00edm na dv\u011b kategorie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n (\u00daP)<\/li>\n<li>regula\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n (RP; zahrnuje i variantu \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu s prvky regula\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00dazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n stanovuje v rozsahu \u00fazem\u00ed obce komplexn\u00ed koncepci jej\u00edho rozvoje v\u010detn\u011b ochrany, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se zejm\u00e9na navr\u017een\u00fdmi plochami, koridory, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b trasami a stanoven\u00edm podm\u00ednek pro zp\u016fsoby jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Regula\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, vzhledem k jeho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st obce, navrhuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a podoby staveb a detailn\u00ed podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem pro zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9ho adapta\u010dn\u00edho opat\u0159en\u00ed do t\u011bchto dokument\u016f je podrobnost n\u00e1vrhu. Ta ur\u010duje, zda je prom\u00edtnuteln\u00e9 pouze do \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, nebo zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed i podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem v r\u00e1mci regula\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee regula\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n \u0159e\u0161\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed staveb, jejich napojen\u00ed na infrastrukturu a dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky jen do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho detailu, vyskytuj\u00ed se i takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e svou podrobnost\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko regula\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by tato opat\u0159en\u00ed musela b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem \u00fazemn\u00edho a stavebn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je tak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledkem za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed pouze do regula\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, nebo\u0165 v \u00fazemn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu by p\u0159edstavovala p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou podrobnost. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o podrobnost n\u00e1vrhu adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00daP jde o ur\u010dit\u00fd n\u00e1vrh koncepce, jen\u017e se pak n\u00e1sledn\u011b v RP nech\u00e1 rozvinout do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u00e1 adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci koncepce pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rozvoje m\u011bst a obc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nastaven\u00ed koncepce rozvoje s ohledem na povod\u0148ov\u00e1 rizika v\u010detn\u011b povodn\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek<\/li>\n<li>vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed zastaviteln\u00fdch ploch v \u00fazemn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech s ohledem na povod\u0148ov\u00e9 riziko<\/li>\n<li>uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f plynouc\u00edch z existence povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho rizika v r\u00e1mci povolovac\u00edho procesu<\/li>\n<li>vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed ploch vhodn\u00fdch pro vsakov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo kontrolovan\u00e9 odveden\u00ed vod v \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentaci<\/li>\n<li>eliminace vlivu staveb v oblastech s povod\u0148ov\u00fdm rizikem<\/li>\n<li>identifikace a mapov\u00e1n\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>identifikace a implementace vhodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u00farovni obc\u00ed i soukrom\u00fdch subjekt\u016f<\/li>\n<li>zahrnut\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami do \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>efektivn\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s m\u00edsty ur\u010den\u00fdmi pro retenci vody v r\u00e1mci povod\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11881];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"657\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11693 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-6-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Balvin-6-768x631.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/657;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6. P\u0159\u00edklad implementace opat\u0159en\u00ed do regula\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu obce \u010cakov (Zdroj: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<br \/>\nFig. 6. Example of implementation of measures into the regulatory plan of the municipality of \u010cakov (Source: V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.)<\/h6>\n<h2>Opat\u0159en\u00ed ve form\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u00edch varovn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed obyvatelstvu<\/h2>\n<p>Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed varovn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (LVS) jsou syst\u00e9my slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k varov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva p\u0159ed hroz\u00edc\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mohou p\u0159edstavovat i povodn\u011b z p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek. Syst\u00e9my pracuj\u00ed na principu v\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdstrahy, kdy hroz\u00edc\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed je zachyceno p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm (sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011br, vodom\u011brn\u00fd profil) a tato informace je p\u0159ed\u00e1na odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm osob\u00e1m \u010di osob\u011b, kter\u00e9 ji vyhodnot\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b provedou nezbytn\u00e9 \u00fakony.<\/p>\n<p>Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159edkem pro zachycen\u00ed informac\u00ed o povod\u0148ov\u00e9m nebezpe\u010d\u00ed je sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00e1 stanice nebo p\u0159\u00edmo v koryt\u011b toku vodom\u011brn\u00fd profil. Tvorba LVS je nej\u010dast\u011bji ovlivn\u011bna t\u011bmito parametry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>geografick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 charakteristiky z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdskyt typ\u016f povodn\u00ed v z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>kritick\u00e1 m\u00edsta v ochran\u011b p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi<\/li>\n<li>existence st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch hl\u00e1sn\u00fdch profil\u016f \u010cHM\u00da a podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>bl\u00edzkost ji\u017e provozovan\u00fdch LVS v z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 lokalit\u011b<\/li>\n<li>zku\u0161enosti m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ve vybran\u00fdch m\u00edstech jsou situov\u00e1ny on-line m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed syst\u00e9my (sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011br, hladinom\u011br), je\u017e zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed sledovan\u00e9 parametry a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed limitn\u00ed hodnoty ode\u0161lou alarmov\u00e9 informace na p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b. M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed technika krom\u011b limitn\u00edch stav\u016f v\u011bt\u0161inou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b m\u011b\u0159\u00ed sledovan\u00fd parametr (poloha hladiny), a to v pravideln\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Kategorizace a tvorba katalog\u016f [2] adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje sou\u010dasn\u00fd trend \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed adaptace m\u011bst a obc\u00ed na povodn\u011b a sucho. V \u0159ad\u011b m\u011bst a obc\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed studie proveditelnosti s c\u00edlem navrhnout opat\u0159en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zadr\u017eet co nejv\u00edce vody pro jej\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak v zem\u011bd\u011blsky obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9 krajin\u011b se hled\u00e1 kompromis mezi realizac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch a technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e byla realizov\u00e1na \u0159ada v\u00fdzkum\u016f s c\u00edlem posoudit a kvantifikovat \u00fa\u010dinnost jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed [3], [4], [5]. Krom\u011b studi\u00ed v pilotn\u00edch oblastech ji\u017e existuje i \u0159ada webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed a n\u00e1stroj\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se problematikou sucha, nap\u0159. www.suchovkrajin\u011b. Zde je mo\u017en\u00e9 dohledat katalog opat\u0159en\u00ed, pilotn\u00ed studie, pl\u00e1n pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha, metodiku a mapov\u00e9 podklady. Z hlediska povodn\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdstupy projektu Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (<em>www.vodavkrajine.cz<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161enosti z hlediska sucha a povodn\u00ed lze \u010derpat i z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st projekt Rainman, kter\u00fd byl financov\u00e1n z prost\u0159edk\u016f programu Interreg Central Europe. Projekt prezentuje v\u00fdsledky a zku\u0161enosti \u0161esti st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edstupem ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f povodn\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek ve form\u011b katalogu opat\u0159en\u00ed, legislativn\u00edch podklad\u016f a z pilotn\u00edch oblast\u00ed (<em>www.rainman-toolbox.eu<\/em>). V\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st projektu p\u0159edstavuje i soubor opat\u0159en\u00ed realizovateln\u00fdch ji\u017e v r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentace p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro implementaci jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vlastn\u00ed projektovou p\u0159\u00edpravou. A\u010dkoli realizace takov\u00fdchto opat\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed \u010dasov\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1, jasn\u011b definuje budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed dan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n ve\u0159ejn\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n, p\u0159edstavuje takto schv\u00e1len\u00e1 dokumentace formu celospole\u010densk\u00e9 dohody.<\/p>\n<h2>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p><em>\u010cl\u00e1nek byl vypracov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci projektu \u201eAnal\u00fdza adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu a urbanizace na vodn\u00ed re\u017eim ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Prahy\u201c (CZ.07.1.02 \/ 0.0 \/ 0.0 \/ 16_040 \/ 0000380) financovan\u00e9ho z opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha \u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pro\u0161el lektorsk\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: archiv V\u00daV TGM<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author. &nbsp; Souhrn Realizace komplexn\u00edch adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm trendem ve v\u0161ech velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a obc\u00edch Evropy. Pot\u0159eba p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch a intenzivn\u00edch povod\u0148ov\u00fdch epizod [1] a dlouh\u00fdch obdob\u00ed sucha,&#8230;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/04\/adaptation-of-towns-and-municipalities-to-floods-and-drought\/\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Read Adaptation of towns and municipalities to floods and drought\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11684,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,93],"tags":[2457,121,674,2456],"coauthors":[868,2447,2448,1635,2449],"class_list":["post-11881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","category-two-articles","tag-categorization-of-measures","tag-drought","tag-floods","tag-outer-ring-of-the-city"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11881"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30621,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11881\/revisions\/30621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11881"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=11881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}