{"id":11065,"date":"2021-02-17T16:41:09","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T15:41:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=11065"},"modified":"2024-07-17T11:18:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T10:18:45","slug":"change-of-microbial-community-in-tertiary-wastewater-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/02\/change-of-microbial-community-in-tertiary-wastewater-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Change of microbial community in tertiary wastewater treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00edlem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je prezentace d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f testov\u00e1n\u00ed terci\u00e1rn\u00ed technologie pro recyklaci vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch vod tak, aby mohly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity pro z\u00e1vlahy m\u011bstsk\u00e9 zelen\u011b, h\u0159i\u0161\u0165 \u010di pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ulic. Kvalita z\u00edskan\u00e9 vody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed. D\u016fraz je kladen zejm\u00e9na na mikrobiologickou kvalitu z\u00edskan\u00e9 vody, nebo\u0165 chemick\u00e9 ukazatele upravovan\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 riziko p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody pro nepitn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Byl potvrzen v\u00fdznam dezinfek\u010dn\u00edho stupn\u011b. Kvalita vody byla dostate\u010dn\u011b hygienicky zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u0159i skladov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00edlem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je prezentace d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f spole\u010dn\u00e9ho projektu Vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly chemicko-technologick\u00e9 v\u00a0Praze, Fakulty technologie a\u00a0ochrany prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0Pra\u017esk\u00fdch vodovod\u016f a\u00a0kanalizac\u00ed, a. s., TA \u010cR TH03030080 \u201eRecyklace odpadn\u00edch vod pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011bst budoucnosti\u201c. Projekt je zam\u011b\u0159en na testov\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 kombinace vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch a\u00a0\u010dist\u00edrensk\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odtoku z\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod tak, aby byl svoj\u00ed kvalitou vhodn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve m\u011bst\u011b. Ve m\u011bstech je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro nepitn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely voda pitn\u00e1. Navrhovan\u00e9 technologie si kladou za c\u00edl nahradit vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drah\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vody levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vodou recyklovanou a\u00a0\u0161et\u0159it z\u00e1soby podzemn\u00edch a\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci testov\u00e1n\u00ed byly odzkou\u0161eny kombinace b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed \u00fapravy a\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod jako koagulace, p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace, filtrace p\u0159es granulovan\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed a\u00a0hygienick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed (dezinfekce) chlorac\u00ed a\u00a0UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Koagulace byla za\u0159azena pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed zbytkov\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, separace po koagulaci byla \u0159e\u0161ena p\u00edskovou \u010di membr\u00e1novou filtrac\u00ed. Membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace je sice dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0provoz, ale p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti\u00a0hygienick\u00e9ho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed upravovan\u00e9 vody. Pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikropolutant\u016f, nap\u0159. l\u00e9\u010div, pesticid\u016f apod. byla za\u0159azena filtrace p\u0159es granulovan\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklad terci\u00e1rn\u00edho do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod a\u00a0jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0praxi lze uv\u00e9st ji\u017en\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii, kde byl v\u00a0roce 1999 uveden do provozu projekt, kter\u00fd zahrnuje vyu\u017eit\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (prim\u00e1rn\u00ed sedimentace, zkr\u00e1p\u011bn\u00e9 filtry a\u00a0stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed rybn\u00edky) n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9ho terci\u00e1rn\u00edm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm (flotace, filtrace a\u00a0dezinfekce). N\u00e1sledn\u00fd distribu\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dod\u00e1v\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159es 20 mil. m<sup>3<\/sup> z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody ro\u010dn\u011b. V\u00a0australsk\u00e9m Sydney bylo ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 2000 z\u00e1sobeno 15 000 dom\u016f v\u00a0nov\u00e9 reziden\u010dn\u00ed \u010dtvrti denn\u011b 25 000 m<sup>3<\/sup> vody pro nepitn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm du\u00e1ln\u00edho distribu\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. \u010cist\u00edrna odpadn\u00edch vod se zde skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00ed sedimentace, biologick\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dus\u00edku a\u00a0fosforu, koagulace, flokulace, usazov\u00e1n\u00ed, filtrace, dezinfekce chlorem a\u00a0\u00fapravy hodnoty pH. Kanadsk\u00e9 City of Vernon \u010derp\u00e1 svoji vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou odpadn\u00ed vodu do reservo\u00e1ru, kde setrv\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd rok, ne\u017e je dezinfikov\u00e1na chlorem a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro z\u00e1vlahy v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00a0rekrea\u010dn\u00edch oblastech. P\u0159i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zavla\u017eovan\u00e9 oblasti byla nav\u00edc uvedena do provozu \u010dist\u00edrna s\u00a0biologick\u00fdm odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nutrient\u016f, filtrac\u00ed, UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0chlorac\u00ed. V\u00a0japonsk\u00e9m Tokiu ji\u017e od roku 1989 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed projekt vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou odpadn\u00ed vodu pro splachov\u00e1n\u00ed toalet, \u00faklid v\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00edch budov\u00e1ch a\u00a0hotel\u00edch a\u00a0zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0okoln\u00edch parc\u00edch. \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zahrnuje biologick\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, chemickou koagulaci, filtraci, ozonizaci a\u00a0chloraci. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b je tak denn\u011b dod\u00e1v\u00e1no 2 372 m<sup>3 <\/sup>vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0Evropy je mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u00ednit \u0160pan\u011blsko, kde je ve m\u011bst\u011b Portbou odpadn\u00ed voda \u010di\u0161t\u011bna s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm koagulace, flokulace, filtrace a\u00a0dezinfekce UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm i\u00a0chlorem. Kapacita syst\u00e9mu je 15 m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00b7h<sup>-1<\/sup> a\u00a0vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 voda je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro m\u011bstsk\u00e9 nepitn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, v\u010detn\u011b zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ulic a\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany [1\u20133].<\/p>\n<p>Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 mo\u017enosti op\u011btovn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed recyklovan\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji evropsk\u00e9 a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed legislativy. V kv\u011btnu roku 2020 ve\u0161lo v platnost na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a rady (EU) 2020\/741 o minim\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod, kter\u00e9 reaguje na nedostatek vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, a podporuje tak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed recyklovan\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod zejm\u00e9na pro z\u00e1vlahy v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ale i v dal\u0161\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch [4]. Mezi dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi parametry se rovn\u011b\u017e vyskytuj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy, pesticidy, l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky, vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty dezinfekce, mikroplasty \u010di geny rezistence na antibiotika. V souvislosti s\u00a0t\u011bmito l\u00e1tkami v\u0161ak bude nutn\u00e9 vypracovat metodiku pro rizikovou anal\u00fdzu t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek p\u0159i dan\u00e9m vyu\u017eit\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody. Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm dokumentem v\u00a0oblasti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch z\u00e1vlah je norma \u010cSN 75 7143 Jakost vody pro z\u00e1vlahy, kter\u00e1 je platn\u00e1 ji\u017e od roku 1992 [5]. Oba tyto dokumenty jsou v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku vyu\u017eity pro posouzen\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality vody upraven\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159mi vybran\u00fdmi technologick\u00fdmi uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edmi. Po\u017eadavky na n\u00e1mi sledovan\u00e9 ukazatele podle t\u011bchto dvou dokument\u016f jsou uvedeny v\u00a0<em>tabulce 1<\/em>. Pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9 vody v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 i norma \u010cSN ISO 20761 Op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed vody v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech [6].<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 1. Po\u017eadavky na kvalitu recyklovan\u00e9 vody pro z\u00e1vlahy podle [4, 5]<br \/>\nTable 1. Requirements for the quality of recycled water for irrigation according to [4, 5]<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"140\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11037 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-1-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-1-768x134.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/140;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>Metodika<\/h2>\n<h3>Poloprovozn\u00ed jednotka<\/h3>\n<p>Pro terci\u00e1rn\u00ed do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod bylo na z\u00e1klad\u011b laboratorn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed navr\u017eeno poloprovozn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o\u00a0kapacit\u011b 1 m<sup>3<\/sup>\u2219h<sup>-1<\/sup> vyprodukovan\u00e9 vody (viz\u00a0<em>obr.\u00a01<\/em>). Navr\u017een\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kombinuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy filtrace a\u00a0dezinfekce pro hygienick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed vody a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat produkt s\u00a0r\u016fznou kvalitou podle zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Navr\u017een\u00e1 jednotka je testov\u00e1na od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019 na \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrn\u011b odpadn\u00edch vod Praha.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"338\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11027 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-1-300x127.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-1-768x324.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/338;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Sch\u00e9ma poloprovozn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<br \/>\nFig. 1. Schema of pilot plant<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 2<\/em> jsou definov\u00e1ny parametry d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 provozovat v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch kombinac\u00edch. Do surov\u00e9 vody je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1vkovat koagula\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo, polymern\u00ed organick\u00fd flokulant \u010di chlornan sodn\u00fd pro p\u0159edchloraci vody. N\u00e1sleduje lamelov\u00e1 usazovac\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, ve kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed sra\u017eenin vznikl\u00fdch b\u011bhem procesu koagulace. Pro filtraci vody se v\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u00edskovou filtraci, membr\u00e1novou filtraci (ultrafiltraci) a\u00a0filtraci p\u0159es granulovan\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed (GAU), hygienick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed UV lampou (UVAT001) a\u00a0chlornanem sodn\u00fdm (postupn\u011b zkou\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace chloru 3,5 a\u00a04 mg\u00b7l<sup>-1<\/sup>). Upraven\u00e1 voda je j\u00edm\u00e1na do akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee (doba zdr\u017een\u00ed 90 minut). Na vstupu a v\u00fdstupu je kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b m\u011b\u0159en z\u00e1kal, hodnota pH a teplota vody. Za ka\u017ed\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm stupn\u011bm jsou um\u00edst\u011bna odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta pro pravideln\u00e9 vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed upravovan\u00e9 vody. V p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci jsou prezentov\u00e1ny v\u00fdsledky n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch technologick\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed A: koagulace\u00a0\u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace\u00a0\u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace,<\/li>\n<li>uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B: p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace\u00a0\u2013 membr\u00e1na\u00a0\u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace,<\/li>\n<li>uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed C: p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace\u00a0\u2013 GAU\u00a0\u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace,<\/li>\n<li>uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed D: koagulace \u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 GAU \u2013 dezinfekce \u2013 akumulace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mikrobiologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy<\/h3>\n<p>Jako mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed indik\u00e1tory \u00fa\u010dinnosti terci\u00e1rn\u00edho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod byly zvoleny kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy p\u0159i 22 \u00b0C a\u00a036 \u00b0C podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 6222 [7] \u010di psychrofiln\u00ed a\u00a0mezofiln\u00ed bakterie podle norem \u010cSN 75 7842 [8] a\u00a0\u010cSN 75 7841 [9]. D\u00e1le koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli<\/em> podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 9308-2 [10], koliformn\u00ed bakterie podle normy \u010cSN 75 7837 [11], <em>Escherichia coli <\/em>podle normy \u010cSN 75 7835 [12], intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 7899-2 [13] a\u00a0<em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> podle p\u0159\u00edlohy \u010d. 6 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 252\/2004\u00a0Sb. [14]. Proto\u017ee byla na ur\u010ditou dobu uzav\u0159ena biologick\u00e1 laborato\u0159 \u00daTVP V\u0160CHT Praha z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f pandemie koronaviru a\u00a0bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed zachovat kontinuitu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu poloprovozn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, byly vzorky zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny pracovi\u0161t\u011bm PVK, a. s., Laborato\u0159 pracovi\u0161t\u011b PVK, a. s., m\u00e1 pro n\u00e1mi sledovan\u00e9 ukazatele mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality vody zaveden\u00e9 trochu jin\u00e9 metody (na z\u00e1klad\u011b jin\u00fdch norem). V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nam\u00edsto kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f p\u0159i 22 \u00b0C a\u00a036 \u00b0C byly stanovov\u00e1ny psychrofiln\u00ed a\u00a0mezofiln\u00ed bakterie (\u010cSN 75 7842; \u010cSN 75 7842), koliformn\u00ed bakterie kultiva\u010dn\u011b na Endoagaru (\u010cSN 75 7837) a\u00a0<em>E. coli<\/em> na m-FC m\u00e9diu (\u010cSN\u00a075\u00a07835).<\/p>\n<p>Koliformn\u00ed bakterie, <em>Escherichia coli<\/em>, intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky, <em>Clostridium perfringens <\/em>a kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy jsou sledovan\u00e9 mikrobiologick\u00e9 parametry v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b (dan\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou \u010d. 252\/2004 Sb.). Norma \u010cSN 75 7143 Jakost vody pro z\u00e1vlahy p\u0159edepisuje sledov\u00e1n\u00ed parametr\u016f koliformn\u00ed bakterie, fek\u00e1ln\u00ed koliformn\u00ed bakterie, intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky, salmonely a somatick\u00e9 kolif\u00e1gy [5]. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 o minim\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod p\u0159edepisuje pravideln\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> a\u00a0<em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti nov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mo\u017enosti vzniku aerosol\u016f rovn\u011b\u017e legionely [4]. Koliformn\u00ed bakterie, <em>Escherichia coli <\/em>a\u00a0intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky jsou indik\u00e1tory fek\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. <em>Clostridium perfringens <\/em>je uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako indik\u00e1tor p\u0159\u00edtomnosti parazitick\u00fdch prvok\u016f <em>Cryptosporidium<\/em> \u010di <em>Giardia<\/em> a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy jsou indik\u00e1torem \u00fa\u010dinnosti jednotliv\u00fdch technologi\u00ed [15].<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 2. Charakterizace d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch technologi\u00ed poloprovozn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<br \/>\nTable 2. Characterization of partial technologies of pilot unit<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"918\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11039 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-2-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-2-768x881.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/918;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, psychrofiln\u00edch a\u00a0mezofiln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed byl o\u010dkov\u00e1n objem 1 ml \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho \u010di ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho vzorku (titr \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed byl v\u017edy zvolen\u00fd podle stupn\u011b mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzorku vody, nap\u0159. 10<sup>-1<\/sup> a\u017e 10<sup>-4<\/sup>). Pro ostatn\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ukazatele (koliformn\u00ed bakterie, <em>E. coli<\/em>, intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky a\u00a0<em>C. perfringens<\/em>) byl pou\u017eit objem 0,1, 1, 10 a\u00a0100 ml ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho vzorku (volba objemu ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho vzorku se \u0159\u00eddila stupn\u011bm mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Mikrobiologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny s\u00a0\u010detnost\u00ed 1\u00d7 t\u00fddn\u011b. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehlednost uv\u00e1d\u00edme sledovan\u00e9 mikrobiologick\u00e9 parametry v\u00a0<em>tabulce 3<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 3. Sledovan\u00e9 mikrobiologick\u00e9 parametry<br \/>\nTable 3. Monitored microbial parameters<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11041 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-3-300x239.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-3-768x612.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/638;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky a diskuse<\/h2>\n<h3>Kvalita vstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00a0pohledu fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch parametr\u016f, vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 odpadn\u00ed voda, kter\u00e1 byla d\u00e1le terci\u00e1rn\u011b do\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1na, vyhovuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm standard\u016fm pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody a\u00a0jejich sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo p\u0159edm\u011btem n\u00e1vrhu poloprovozn\u00ed jednotky. I\u00a0tak lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159i za\u0159azen\u00ed technologick\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace a\u00a0filtrace p\u0159es GAU doch\u00e1zelo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o\u00a028 % v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e9 parametrem chemick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba kysl\u00edku (CHSK<sub>Mn<\/sub>), amoniak\u00e1ln\u00ed dus\u00edk byl odstran\u011bn z\u00a0cca 28 %, koncentrace celkov\u00e9ho fosforu byla sn\u00ed\u017eena v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a046 % a\u00a0koncentrace orthofosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho fosforu o\u00a040 %. Po za\u0159azen\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00edho stupn\u011b anal\u00fdzy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee GAU sni\u017euje obsah organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody. Oproti uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bez sorp\u010dn\u00edho stupn\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed tohoto typu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a072 %.<\/p>\n<p>Vstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed voda obsahuje vysok\u00e9 po\u010dty mikroorganism\u016f (<em>tabulka 4<\/em>), co\u017e by znamenalo zdravotn\u00ed riziko p\u0159i jej\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, proto je d\u016fraz kladen na mikrobiologickou kvalitu v\u00fdstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody po terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00faprav\u011b. V\u00a0<em>tabulce\u00a04<\/em> jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 data mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch ukazatel\u016f za obdob\u00ed 10\/19\u201311\/20. Z\u00a0hodnot je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita vstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody je kol\u00edsav\u00e1. Koliformn\u00ed bakterie byly nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159\u00edtomny v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>5<\/sup> MPN\/100 ml, resp. KTJ\/100 ml, <em>E. coli<\/em> v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>4<\/sup> \u010di 10<sup>5<\/sup> MPN\/100 ml, intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky 10<sup>4<\/sup> KTJ\/100 ml, <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>3 <\/sup>KTJ\/100 ml, psychrofiln\u00ed bakterie v \u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>4\u00a0<\/sup>\u010di 10<sup>5<\/sup> KTJ\/ml, mezofiln\u00ed bakterie v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>4<\/sup> KTJ\/ml, kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy p\u0159i 22\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>5<\/sup> KTJ\/ml a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy p\u0159i 36\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech 10<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0KTJ\/ml. Ukazatel <em>E. coli<\/em> p\u0159edstavoval pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 19 % z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zastoupen\u00fdch koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed. Nebyl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv ro\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed na mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalitu vstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 4. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita vstupn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody<br \/>\nTable 4. Microbial quality of incoming wastewater entering the pilot plant<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"255\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11043 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-4-300x96.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-4-768x245.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/255;\" \/><\/a>\n<h3>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koagulace \u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 dezinfekce \u2013 akumulace (uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed A)<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 5<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f dan\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 6<\/em> jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny \u00fa\u010dinnosti odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch technologick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00a0<em>tabulky 5<\/em> je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee koagulace nem\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na eliminaci mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Po\u010dty koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, <em>E. coli<\/em> a kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f p\u0159i 22 \u00b0C byly zv\u00fd\u0161eny. Po p\u00edskov\u00e9 filtraci do\u0161lo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dt\u016f v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, ale pouze u\u00a0ukazatele <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> bylo toto sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o\u00a0jeden \u0159\u00e1d (80% \u00fa\u010dinnost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem). Za dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed stupn\u011bm byly se 100% \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed odstran\u011bny koliformn\u00ed bakterie, <em>E. coli<\/em> a\u00a0intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky, a\u00a0d\u00e1le <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy s\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 97 %. Akumulace kvalitu vody nezhor\u0161ila, naopak do\u0161lo k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu m\u00edrn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dt\u016f <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. Voda po dezinfekci a\u00a0akumulaci spl\u0148ovala krit\u00e9ria pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5] v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0enterokoky a\u00a0krit\u00e9ria pro recyklaci vod t\u0159\u00eddy A\u00a0podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4] v\u00a0ukazateli <em>E. coli<\/em>. Na <em>obr. 2<\/em> jsou vyobrazeny statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro <em>E. coli<\/em> podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 9308-2 (lit. 10, t\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed). U\u00a0p\u00edskov\u00e9ho filtru je hodnota medi\u00e1nu a\u00a0maxima p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b shodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 5. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed A<br \/>\nTable 5. Microbial quality in individual stages of arrangement A<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"181\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11045 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-5-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-5-768x174.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/181;\" \/><\/a>\n<h5>Tabulka 6. \u00da\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed A<br \/>\nTable 6. Efficiency of microorganisms removal in individual stages of arrangement A<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"158\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11047 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-6-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-6-768x152.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/158;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11029 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-2-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-2-768x490.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/510;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro <em>E. coli<\/em>, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed A<br \/>\nFig. 2. Statistical characteristics for <em>E. coli<\/em>, arrangement A<\/h6>\n<h3>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 membr\u00e1na \u2013 dezinfekce \u2013 akumulace (uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B)<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 7<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f dan\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 8<\/em> jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny \u00fa\u010dinnosti odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch technologick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00a0<em>tabulky 7<\/em> je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010dty v\u0161ech mikroorganism\u016f, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak o\u00a0jeden \u0159\u00e1d u\u00a0po\u010dt\u016f <em>E. coli<\/em> podle \u010cSN EN ISO 9308-2, koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed podle \u010cSN 75 7837 a psychrofiln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed na p\u00edskov\u00e9m filtru byla zaznamen\u00e1na u psychrofiln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed (79 %), nejmen\u0161\u00ed pak u koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed podle \u010cSN 75 7837. Za\u0159azen\u00ed membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtrace v\u00fdznamn\u011b vylep\u0161ilo \u00fa\u010dinnost eliminace zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0<em>E. coli<\/em>, kter\u00e9 byly sn\u00ed\u017eeny na nulov\u00e9 \u010di t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulov\u00e9 hodnoty. Rovn\u011b\u017e s\u00a0velkou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed byly odstran\u011bny intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky (99,7 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem), psychrofiln\u00ed a\u00a0mezofiln\u00ed bakterie (v\u00edce jak 99 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem) a\u00a0d\u00e1le kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy p\u0159i 22\u00a0\u00b0C a\u00a036 \u00b0C (v\u00edce ne\u017e 99 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem). Ukazatel <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> byl eliminov\u00e1n pouze s\u00a041% \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed za membr\u00e1nou. Dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed krok pak eliminoval <em>Clostridium perfringens <\/em>na nulov\u00e9 hodnoty, kter\u00e9 byly m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161eny b\u011bhem akumulace. Celkov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> v\u0161ak z\u016fstala na vysok\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch 99 %. Krit\u00e9ria pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5] v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0enterokoky a\u00a0krit\u00e9ria pro recyklaci vod t\u0159\u00eddy A\u00a0podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4] v\u00a0ukazateli <em>E. coli<\/em> byla ji\u017e spln\u011bna po membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtraci. Na <em>obr. 3<\/em> jsou vyobrazeny statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro <em>E. coli<\/em> podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 9308-2 [10]. Medi\u00e1n nen\u00ed uveden, proto\u017ee jsou prezentov\u00e1na data ze dvou hodnot.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 7. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita v jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B<br \/>\nTable 7. Microbial quality in individual stages of arrangement B<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"155\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11049 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7-300x58.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7-768x149.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/155;\" \/><\/a>\n<h5>Tabulka 7. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita v jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B \u2013 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed<br \/>\nTable 7. Microbial quality in individual stages of arrangement B \u2013 continuation<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7B.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"163\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11051 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7B.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7B.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7B-300x61.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-7B-768x156.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/163;\" \/><\/a>\n<h5>Tabulka 8. \u00da\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B<br \/>\nTable 8. Efficiency of microorganisms removal in individual stages of arrangement B<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-8.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"163\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11053 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-8-300x61.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-8-768x156.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/163;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"499\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11031 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-3-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-3-768x479.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/499;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro E. coli, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed B<br \/>\nFig. 3. Statistical characteristics for E. coli, arrangement B<\/h6>\n<h3>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 GAU \u2013 dezinfekce \u2013 akumulace (uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed C)<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 9<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f dan\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 10<\/em> jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny \u00fa\u010dinnosti odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch technologick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00a0<em>tabulky 9<\/em> je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010dty v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch mikrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f, av\u0161ak pouze u\u00a0enterokok\u016f a\u00a0<em>E. coli<\/em> podle normy \u010cSN 75 7835 do\u0161lo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed o \u0159\u00e1d (\u00fa\u010dinnost 49 %, resp. 80 %). Psychrofiln\u00ed a mezofiln\u00ed bakterie byly na p\u00edskov\u00e9m filtru odstran\u011bny s v\u00edce ne\u017e 50% \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed. Filtrace p\u0159es granulovan\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed d\u00e1le kvalitu vody vylep\u0161ila. \u0158\u00e1dov\u00e9 zm\u011bny byly zaznamen\u00e1ny u po\u010dtu koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed (\u00fa\u010dinnost 82 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem) a psychrofiln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed (\u00fa\u010dinnost 91 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem). K v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dt\u016f v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f do\u0161lo a\u017e po dezinfekci. Po akumulaci do\u0161lo k nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu psychrofiln\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, av\u0161ak \u00fa\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na hodnot\u00e1ch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 99 %. Voda po dezinfekci a akumulaci spl\u0148ovala krit\u00e9ria pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5] v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky a\u00a0krit\u00e9ria pro recyklaci vod t\u0159\u00eddy A\u00a0podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4] v\u00a0ukazateli <em>E. coli<\/em>. Na <em>obr. 4<\/em> jsou vyobrazeny statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro <em>E. coli<\/em> podle metody \u010cSN 75 7835 (lit. 12, p\u011bt m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed).<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 9. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed C<br \/>\nTable 9. Microbial quality in individual stages of arrangement C<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-9.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"163\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11055 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-9.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-9-300x61.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-9-768x156.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/163;\" \/><\/a>\n<h5>Tabulka 10. \u00da\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed C<br \/>\nTable 10. Efficiency of microorganisms removal in individual stages of arrangement C<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-10.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"151\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11057 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-10.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-10-300x57.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-10-768x145.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/151;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"433\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11033 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-4-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-4-768x416.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/433;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro E. coli, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed C<br \/>\nFig. 4. Statistical characteristics for E. coli, arrangement C<\/h6>\n<h3>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koagulace \u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 GAU \u2013 dezinfekce \u2013 akumulace (uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed D)<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 11<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f dan\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 12<\/em> jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny \u00fa\u010dinnosti odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch technologick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Op\u011bt bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee koagulace se v\u00fdznamn\u011b nepod\u00edl\u00ed na eliminaci sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. Zv\u00fd\u0161eny byly po\u010dty intestin\u00e1ln\u00edch enterokok\u016f, <em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f p\u0159i 22\u00a0\u00b0C. P\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010dty sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f krom\u011b ukazatele <em>E.\u00a0coli<\/em>. S\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed byly odstran\u011bny koliformn\u00ed bakterie (\u00fa\u010dinnost 60\u00a0% ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem). Filtrace p\u0159es membr\u00e1nu zp\u016fsobila v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. \u00da\u010dinnost jejich eliminace byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100\u00a0% (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se vstupem).<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 11. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvalita v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed D<br \/>\nTable 11. Microbial quality in individual stages of arrangement D<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-11.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"227\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11059 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-11.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-11-300x85.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-11-768x218.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/227;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>GAU zp\u016fsobilo m\u00edrn\u00e9 nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech mikroorganism\u016f. Dezinfekce sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010dty koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, <em>E. coli<\/em>, intestin\u00e1ln\u00edch enterokok\u016f a\u00a0<em>Clostridium perfringens<\/em> na nulov\u00e9 hodnoty. Kultivovateln\u00e9 mikroorganismy p\u0159i 22 \u00b0C a\u00a036 \u00b0C sn\u00ed\u017eily po\u010dty na jednotky KTJ\/ml. Stejn\u00e1 kvalita vody byla udr\u017eena i\u00a0b\u011bhem akumulace. Voda spl\u0148ovala krit\u00e9ria pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky a\u00a0krit\u00e9ria pro recyklaci vod t\u0159\u00eddy A\u00a0podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4] v\u00a0ukazateli <em>E. coli<\/em> ji\u017e po membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtraci. Po filtraci p\u0159es GAU byly zv\u00fd\u0161eny po\u010dty intestin\u00e1ln\u00edch enterokok\u016f, voda p\u0159estala spl\u0148ovat v\u00a0tomto ukazateli krit\u00e9ria pro vodu kvality t\u0159\u00eddy\u00a0I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5]. Dezinfekce v\u0161ak n\u00e1sledn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila po\u010dty mikroorganism\u016f na kvalitu pitn\u00e9 vody, kterou si udr\u017eela rovn\u011b\u017e b\u011bhem akumulace. Na <em>obr. 5<\/em> jsou vyobrazeny statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro <em>E. coli<\/em> podle normy \u010cSN EN ISO 9308-2 (lit.\u00a010, \u010dty\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed).<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 12. \u00da\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed D<br \/>\nTable 12. Efficiency of microorganisms removal in individual stages of arrangement D<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-12.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"197\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11061 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-12.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-12.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-12-300x74.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-tabulka-12-768x189.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/197;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-11065];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11035 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-5-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Benakova-5-768x461.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/480;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. Statistick\u00e9 charakteristiky pro E. coli, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed D<br \/>\nFig. 5. Statistical characteristics for E. coli, arrangement D<\/h6>\n<h3>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed prezentovan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Koagulace nem\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na odstran\u011bn\u00ed sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f. Koagula\u010dn\u00ed stupe\u0148 byl \u0159e\u0161en zp\u016fsobem tzv. in-line koagulace (jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9 koagulace) s d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00edm 10\u00d7 \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho koagula\u010dn\u00edho prepar\u00e1tu a pouze rychl\u00fdm prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dinidla. Tato technologie dlouhodob\u011b nevykazuje vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost na eliminaci mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Soub\u011b\u017en\u00fd odb\u011br bodov\u00fdch vzork\u016f n\u00e1toku a vody po koagulaci (tento vzorek je nav\u00edc odeb\u00edr\u00e1n a\u017e po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b zdr\u017een\u00ed v lamelov\u00e9m usazov\u00e1ku) je pravd\u011bpodobnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1porn\u00fdch hodnot odstran\u011bn\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Rodr\u00edguez-Chueca a kolektiv [16] studovali vliv kombinace koagulace, flokulace a Fentonovy reakce na po\u010dty bakteri\u00ed druh\u016f <em>Enterococcus faecalis<\/em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> a\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli<\/em>. B\u011bhem koagulace (Fe<sup>3+<\/sup>, 15 mg\u2219l<sup>-1<\/sup>) do\u0161lo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dt\u016f v\u0161ech bakteri\u00ed druh\u016f <em>Enterococcus faecalis<\/em> a\u00a0<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> o\u00a01,5 logaritmick\u00e9 jednotky, ale po\u010det bakteri\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em> byl sn\u00ed\u017een pouze o\u00a00,5 logaritmick\u00e9 jednotky.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace v\u017edy sni\u017eovala po\u010dty sledovan\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, ale maxim\u00e1ln\u011b o\u00a0jeden \u0159\u00e1d. V\u00fdjimkou je <em>E. coli<\/em>, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila po\u010dty po p\u00edskov\u00e9 filtraci p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a020 %, ale koliformn\u00ed bakterie sv\u00e9 po\u010dty nezv\u00fd\u0161ily. \u00da\u010dinnosti eliminace mikroorganism\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji dr\u017eely pod 50 %. Vojt\u011bchovsk\u00e1 \u0160r\u00e1mkov\u00e1 a kolektiv ve studii [17] dosahovali \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed pro eliminaci koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed, <em>E. coli<\/em>, intestin\u00e1ln\u00edch enterokok\u016f a\u00a0kultivovateln\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f p\u0159i 22 \u00b0C p\u0159es 90 % za pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u00edskov\u00e9 filtrace s\u00a0n\u00e1pln\u00ed o\u00a0jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zrnitosti 0,5\u20131 mm. B\u011bhem laboratorn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edskov\u00e9 filtrace jsme se v\u00a0na\u0161em projektu pot\u00fdkali se zhor\u0161enou kvalitou vody za p\u00edskovou filtrac\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00edky ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu strh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho biofilmu [18]. Tento jev se n\u00e1m v\u00a0poloprovozn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed poda\u0159ilo eliminovat.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u0159azen\u00ed membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtrace za p\u00edskovou filtraci dosahovalo \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech mikroorganism\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e 99 %, voda spl\u0148ovala v\u017edy ji\u017e za membr\u00e1novou filtrac\u00ed nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4] a\u00a0v\u00a0jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i\u00a0podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5].<\/p>\n<p>GAU za membr\u00e1novou filtrac\u00ed zhor\u0161ilo kvalitu zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0ukazateli intestin\u00e1ln\u00ed enterokoky. P\u0159esto by tato voda mohla b\u00fdt vyu\u017eita pro zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 z\u00e1vlahy podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4].<\/p>\n<p>Ve v\u0161ech prezentovan\u00fdch technologi\u00edch byla potvrzena nutnost za\u0159azen\u00ed hygienick\u00e9ho stupn\u011b pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed eliminaci mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edch parametr\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00a0souladu se studi\u00ed\u00a0Vojt\u011bchovsk\u00e9 \u0160r\u00e1mkov\u00e9 a\u00a0kol. [17], kter\u00e1 potvrdila 100% \u00fa\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed <em>E. coli<\/em>, koliformn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed a intestin\u00e1ln\u00edch enterokok\u016f za flotac\u00ed, p\u00edskov\u00fdm filtrem a filtrem s Filtralite a\u017e po dezinfekci UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. V\u0161echny technologie po dezinfekci spl\u0148ovaly po\u017eadavky pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5] v\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch koliformn\u00ed bakterie a\u00a0enterokoky a\u00a0krit\u00e9ria pro recyklaci vod t\u0159\u00eddy A\u00a0podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741 [4]. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koagulace \u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace \u2013 GAU \u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace byly dokonce po dezinfekci spln\u011bny po\u017eadavky na kvalitu pitn\u00e9 vody. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed filtrace\u00a0\u2013 membr\u00e1na\u00a0\u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace a\u00a0uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koagulace\u00a0\u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace\u00a0\u2013 membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 filtrace\u00a0\u2013 GAU\u00a0\u2013 dezinfekce\u00a0\u2013 akumulace byla nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro <em>E. coli<\/em> podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU 2020\/741\u00a0[4] spln\u011bna ji\u017e za membr\u00e1nou. Membr\u00e1na v\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed eliminovala rovn\u011b\u017e enterokoky na hodnoty spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody t\u0159\u00eddy I. podle \u010cSN 75 7143 [5]. Podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dos\u00e1hli rovn\u011b\u017e Hendricks a\u00a0Pool\u00a0[19], kte\u0159\u00ed detekovali za membr\u00e1nou p\u0159i terci\u00e1rn\u00edm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00ed vody po\u010dty <em>E. coli<\/em> ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1\u00a0KTJ ve 100 ml.<\/p>\n<p>Vysok\u00e1 kvalita vody byla rovn\u011b\u017e udr\u017eena i\u00a0b\u011bhem akumulace. Obecn\u011b lze konstatovat, \u017ee akumulace nem\u011bla na zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality z\u00edskan\u00e9 vody v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00edlem studie byla prezentace d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f projektu TA \u010cR TH03030080 Recyklace odpadn\u00edch vod pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011bst budoucnosti. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f laboratorn\u00edch test\u016f byla navr\u017eena kontejnerov\u00e1 pilotn\u00ed jednotka pro terci\u00e1rn\u00ed do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed biologicky vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody s\u00a0mno\u017enost\u00ed kombinace filtra\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0dezinfek\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku byla prezentov\u00e1na \u010dty\u0159i technologick\u00e1 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 kombinace koagulace, p\u00edskov\u00e9 filtrace, filtrace p\u0159es GAU a\u00a0membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtrace v\u010detn\u011b dezinfekce UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0chlorac\u00ed. Kvalita vody b\u011bhem akumulace nebyla v\u00fdznamn\u011b negativn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna. I\u00a0p\u0159i nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed koagulace\u00a0\u2013 p\u00edskov\u00e1 filtrace bylo po dezinfekci dosa\u017eeno mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality vody vhodn\u00e9 pro z\u00e1vlahy \u010di pro vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed ve m\u011bstech, pokud nebude doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0tvorb\u011b aerosol\u016f, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nebyly sledov\u00e1ny po\u010dty legionel. O\u00a0za\u0159azen\u00ed GAU, membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 filtrace \u010di jejich kombinace budou rozhodovat dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na chemickou kvalitu z\u00edskan\u00e9 recyklovan\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>Pr\u00e1ce byla vypracov\u00e1na v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu TA \u010cR TH03030080 Recyklace odpadn\u00edch vod pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011bst budoucnosti. Auto\u0159i d\u011bkuj\u00ed RNDr. \u0160\u00e1rce Li\u0161kov\u00e9 z PVK, a. s., za proveden\u00e9 mikrobiologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The aim of this contribution is the presentation of partial results of testing tertiary technology for recycling of treated urban wastewater. The obtain water will be used for watering of greenery, playgrounds, or for street cleaning. The quality of the treated water depends on the purpose of the use.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11026,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,89,92],"tags":[2392,258,1007,2394,2393,2395,213],"coauthors":[2360,2361,2363,2357,2362],"class_list":["post-11065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","category-water-technology-water-supply-waste-water-treatment","category-main","tag-disinfection","tag-escherichia-coli","tag-irrigation","tag-pilot-plant","tag-reuse","tag-tertiary-treatmen","tag-wastewater"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11065"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30616,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11065\/revisions\/30616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11065"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=11065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}